10 Questions
What drove the development of Modern architecture according to some historians?
Technological and engineering developments
How do some historians view the evolution of modern architecture?
Some historians see it as a social matter, closely tied to the project of Modernity and thus the Enlightenment. Modern architecture developed as a result of social and political revolutions.
Who are the notable architects important to the history and development of the modernist movement?
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, Erich Mendelsohn, Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, Gerrit Rietveld, Bruno Taut, Arne Jacobsen, Oscar Niemeyer, Alvar Aalto
How do other historians regard Modernism?
As a matter of taste, a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of Victorian and Edwardian architecture.
What are the multiple lenses through which the evolution of modern architecture may be viewed?
Social, technological, taste
Match the following architects with their association to the modernist movement:
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe = Bauhaus school Le Corbusier = Five Points of Architecture Walter Gropius = Founder of Bauhaus Frank Lloyd Wright = Prairie School style
Match the following architects with their notable works:
Erich Mendelsohn = Einstein Tower in Potsdam Louis Sullivan = Wainwright Building in St. Louis Gerrit Rietveld = Schröder House in Utrecht Oscar Niemeyer = Brasília, Brazil
Match the following architects with their nationalities:
Bruno Taut = German Arne Jacobsen = Danish Alvar Aalto = Finnish Oscar Niemeyer = Brazilian
Match the following perspectives with their views on modern architecture:
Social and political revolutions = Development of Modern architecture Technological and engineering developments = Driving force behind Modern architecture Taste and reaction against eclecticism = Modernism as a matter of taste Enlightenment and project of Modernity = Modern architecture as a social matter
Match the following terms with their associations to modern architecture styles:
Prairie School style = Frank Lloyd Wright Bauhaus school = Walter Gropius Five Points of Architecture = Le Corbusier Schröder House in Utrecht = Gerrit Rietveld
Study Notes
- Modernism: philosophical movement arising from late 19th-century Western societal transformations, aiming to reconcile architecture with technological advancement and modernization.
- Duration: Late 19th-early 20th century
- Key architects: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, Erich Mendelsohn, Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis Sullivan, Gerrit Rietveld, Bruno Taut, Arne Jacobsen, Oscar Niemeyer, Alvar Aalto
- Focus: Reconciling architectural principles with technological advancement and societal modernization
- Influenced by: Rapid technological change, the Enlightenment, social and political revolutions, and a reaction against eclecticism and Victorian/Edwardian architectural excesses
Postmodernism:
- Duration: Late 20th-21st century
- Characterized by: Replacement of modernist functional and formalized shapes and spaces with diverse aesthetics
- Major concepts: Pluralism, double coding, flying buttresses and high ceilings, irony and paradox, contextualism
- Reaction against: Modernist principles of form following function and the perceived lack of meaning in modernist architecture
- Critics: Saw modernist architecture as a matter of taste, a reaction against the excessive stylistic eclecticism of Victorian and Edwardian architecture.
Test your knowledge of modernist and postmodernist architecture with this quiz. Explore the differences between the two architectural movements, their characteristics, and historical context.
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