Modern Homo Sapiens Emergence
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Questions and Answers

What does the Single-Origin Hypothesis suggest about the evolution of anatomically modern humans?

  • They evolved simultaneously in multiple regions.
  • They coexisted with archaic populations without replacement.
  • They evolved only in Africa and replaced all archaic populations elsewhere. (correct)
  • They evolved from Neandertals in Europe.

    • According to the Multiregional Hypothesis, which prediction is made regarding transitional fossils?

  • They should not be found at all.
  • They should exist only in Africa.
  • They should exist in multiple geographical regions. (correct)
  • They should exclusively be in the Americas.

    • What is a key prediction of the Single-Origin Hypothesis regarding genetic diversity among modern humans?

  • They should show high levels of genetic diversity.
  • They should exhibit little genetic diversity. (correct)
  • Their genetic diversity should be highest in Europe.
  • Each geographical region should have similar genetic diversity levels.

    • Which characteristic does the Multiregional Hypothesis attribute to modern human traits?

    <p>They appeared simultaneously across the Old World.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prediction of the Single-Origin Hypothesis imply about the location of greatest genetic diversity?

    <p>It should be found in Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oldest dated evidence of human remains found in Apidima Cave, Greece?

    <p>210,000 ya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant findings were made at the site of Lake Mungo in Australia?

    <p>Cremated skeletons and flake tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site in Europe is associated with a significant mandible and cranium discovery dated between 42,000 and 37,000 years ago?

    <p>Pestera cu Oase, Romania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence is present at Madjedbebe Rockshelter in Australia?

    <p>Rock art and tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is known for modern-looking teeth found from a period around 67,000 years ago?

    <p>Liukiang, China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site provides evidence for up to 38,000 years of human activity in Sri Lanka?

    <p>Balangoda, Sri Lanka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is noted about the specimens found in Niah, Borneo?

    <p>Their classification has been questioned due to problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant burial evidence was found in Mal'ta, Siberia?

    <p>Double infant burial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one suggested use of the harpoon apart from fishing?

    <p>Hunting reindeer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area within caves was suggested to host magical-religious activities?

    <p>Inner reaches of caves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why the emergence of language is difficult to date?

    <p>Language has no physical remains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gene associated with language ability is shared between modern humans and Neandertals?

    <p>FOXP2 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested to have given sociable humans an evolutionary advantage?

    <p>Reliance on language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of art is often considered an indicator of the emergence of language?

    <p>Symbolic art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation is linked to the emergence of modern language according to Richard Wrangham?

    <p>Self-domestication of <em>Homo sapiens</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What period is associated with significant cultural florescence and the emergence of symbolic art?

    <p>Upper Palaeolithic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Assimilation Theory propose regarding modern human populations?

    <p>They interbred and replaced other populations they encountered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution to modern humans is suggested to come from Neandertals and Denisovans?

    <p>Modern immune system characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence contradicts the idea that Neandertals were killed off by modern humans?

    <p>Evidence of interbreeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age range of the remains found at Klasies River Mouth caves in South Africa?

    <p>120,000-90,000 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Around when did the Aurignacian Tool Tradition begin in Europe?

    <p>35,000 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site is associated with a fingerbone connected to tools in Saudi Arabia?

    <p>Al Wusta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plausible reason for the extinction of Neandertals, as suggested in the content?

    <p>Inability to compete with modern humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the remains at Skhūl and Qafzeh, Israel, fit in the timeline of modern Homo sapiens expansion?

    <p>Before the spread into Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a proposed explanation for what happened to the Neandertals?

    <p>They developed advanced tools and weapons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of remains were found at Aduma, Ethiopia?

    <p>Cranial remains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what approximate time did Homo sapiens begin to spread into Asia from the Near East?

    <p>60,000-40,000 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contribute to understanding human evolution?

    <p>It mutates constantly and is inherited only from the mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of modern Homo sapiens sapiens suggested by genetic evidence?

    <p>Inherited traits from ancient human species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sites is NOT mentioned in association with modern Homo sapiens remains?

    <p>Herto, Ethiopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the remains found at Fuyan and Liukiang is true?

    <p>They fall within the range of 120,000 to 80,000 years ago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common feature do all the listed sites share regarding their remains?

    <p>They all contain remains that predate the rise of agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some key characteristics of the Upper Palaeolithic period?

    <p>Emergence of cave art and personal ornaments of distant materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inventions is associated with the Upper Palaeolithic period?

    <p>The bow and arrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pressure flaking refer to in Upper Palaeolithic tool-making?

    <p>Applying controlled pressure to create fine points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artifacts are characteristic of non-lithic tools during the Upper Palaeolithic?

    <p>Bone, antler, and shell ornaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary effect of the population increase during the Upper Palaeolithic according to archaeological findings?

    <p>Expanded cultural and technological developments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a secret weapon developed in the Upper Palaeolithic?

    <p>Atlatl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Indirect Percussion Flaking technique?

    <p>Use of a tool to strike a core indirectly for precise shaping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which archaeological sites provide significant evidence for the study of early modern humans?

    <p>Herto and Cro-Magnon rockshelter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Modern Homo Sapiens Emergence

    • Anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) appeared in the archaeological record after 200,000 years ago.
    • Differences from archaic humans include: higher, more bulging foreheads, thinner/lighter bones, smaller faces/jaws, chins, and reduced bone ridges.
    • Early modern human fossils are relatively rare and mostly found in Africa.
    • Later specimens (120,000-50,000 years ago) show more fully modern traits, with full modern humans well-established by 100,000 years ago in Africa.

    Early Examples of Homo Sapiens in Africa

    • Jebel Irhoud, Morocco: ~315,000 years ago (partial skulls and bones)
    • Florisbad, South Africa: ~259,000 years ago (partial cranium, disputed classification)
    • Omo Kibish, Ethiopia: ~195,000 years ago (skull and part of skeleton; more remains at ~105,000 years ago)
    • Herto, Middle Awash, Ethiopia: 160,000-154,000 years ago (crania; possible Homo Sapiens idaltu)
    • Klasies River Mouth caves, South Africa: 120,000-90,000 years ago (crania of adults and adolescents)
    • Aduma, Ethiopia: ~80,000-50,000 years ago (partial remains)
    • Border Cave, South Africa: ~80,000-50,000 years ago (cranial remains)

    Homo Sapiens in Southwest Asia (Near East)

    • Skhūl and Qafzeh, Israel: 120,000-90,000 years ago (pre-date later spread to Asia)
    • Al Wusta, Saudi Arabia: 130,000-90,000 years ago (fingerbone, associated with tools)

    Asia and Southeast Asia

    • Specific dates/locations for Asia and Southeast Asia are not listed.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating evolution of anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens, as they emerged over 200,000 years ago. This quiz delves into key fossil discoveries from Africa, showcasing the physical differences from archaic humans and the development of modern traits. Test your knowledge on early modern human fossils and their timelines.

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