Modern History Quiz: Japan and the Ottoman Empire
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Questions and Answers

What significant event forced Japan to open its borders in the 1850s?

  • The arrival of Admiral Perry with US Navy (correct)
  • Treaty of Kanagawa
  • The Meiji Restoration
  • A civil war among rival warlords

    • Which ruler is credited with unifying Japan and starting the Edo period?

  • Emperor Meiji
  • Admiral Perry
  • Yoshinobu Tokugawa
  • Ieyasu Tokugawa (correct)

    • What was a significant consequence of the Ottoman Empire's lack of an industrial revolution?

  • Expansion into the Balkans
  • Increased military power
  • Ineffective governmental reforms (correct)
  • Stronger alliances with European powers

    • What was one major outcome of the Sykes-Picot Agreements?

    <p>Creation of modern Syria and Lebanon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries aimed to expand into the Balkans and Black Sea during the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

    <p>Austria and Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately made the Ottoman Empire become involved in World War I?

    <p>To break free from foreign control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the effects of Japan's modernization during the Meiji Restoration?

    <p>Massive army build-up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who became kings of Jordan and Iraq after the Arab Uprising?

    <p>Abdullah and Faisal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge did the commitment problem present to states?

    <p>States struggle to convince others they will not attack first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis concerning audience costs?

    <p>Public declarations limited Kennedy's ability to back down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event was a major trigger for the Athenian side during the Peloponnesian War?

    <p>The taxes imposed on Sparta’s allies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant actions taken by Israel that contributed to the Six-Day War?

    <p>They expelled the United Nations Emergency Force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the press secretary's message on September 4, 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

    <p>It communicated the U.S. stance against offensive weapons in Cuba.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue did realism face after the end of the Cold War?

    <p>Failure to explain the peaceful transition of the USSR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept did Mearsheimer emphasize as a central idea in his argument for offensive realism?

    <p>Conquest is a fundamental aspect of state behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Waltz, what would nuclear balancing lead to?

    <p>Greater stability among states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the security dilemma illustrate about state interactions?

    <p>Increased military power decreases overall security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What systemic characteristic does Waltz believe contributed to stable peace during the Cold War?

    <p>The balance of military capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mearsheimer imply about the future if the Cold War is replaced by a multipolar system?

    <p>Increased likelihood of global systemic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes defensive realism according to Waltz?

    <p>States prioritize security while balancing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core assumption of Republican Liberalism?

    <p>Liberal democracies are more peaceful and law-abiding than other political systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What example illustrates Iran’s security dilemma according to the text?

    <p>Iran's building of a nuclear weapon amidst hostile neighbors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for liberal peace according to the content?

    <p>Military dominance over rivals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sociological Liberalism emphasizes the importance of which type of relations?

    <p>Transnational relations conducted by groups across state borders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools does Sociological Liberalism emphasize for improving interactions between nations?

    <p>Soft power, negotiation, and persuasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does Sociological Liberalism have regarding state interactions?

    <p>They should be less emphasized compared to personal relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does economic cooperation play in the context of liberal peace?

    <p>It fosters interdependence that supports peaceful relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to modern liberalism, how do states relate to each other?

    <p>They are interconnected, impacting one another significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Sociological Liberalism's approach to international relations?

    <p>Building an international community that transcends nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key belief of constructivists regarding national interest?

    <p>It can be observed and predicted at a given moment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'co-construction' in constructivist theory?

    <p>The interaction of actors influences the structure of the international system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best represents the mercantilist view on economic policy?

    <p>Economic policy is a tool for increasing a state's power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of international relations, how do states behave within the European Union according to the content?

    <p>They adapt to the rules of interaction while also trying to change them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do both neorealism and constructivism agree on regarding the state system?

    <p>The state system influences the interactions among states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mercantilists view the international economic system?

    <p>As a zero-sum game where states compete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Marxist theory, what is considered the primary factor for state power?

    <p>Economic production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'anarchy is what you make of it' imply in relation to the international system?

    <p>Actors can shape and define their own security environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is highlighted as suffering the most hardships during conflicts?

    <p>Women and children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does neoconservatism advocate concerning foreign policy?

    <p>Active promotion of their version of democracy worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underpinning value system is linked to the material subjugation of women?

    <p>Subjugation of other political units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assertion is made about military interventions?

    <p>They do not build nations and require institutional development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a claim made by advocates of American exceptionalism?

    <p>The US must act freely for the sake of the world due to its strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of international development is often hidden by GDP figures?

    <p>Substantial employment and wage gaps for women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social issue is criticized in the context of neoconservatism?

    <p>Diversity and multiculturalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event was informed by the belief in preemptive action against perceived threats?

    <p>The 2003 invasion of Iraq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Comparative Politics vs. International Politics

    • Comparative politics examines politics within nations
    • International politics examines politics between nations
    • International relations (IR) is a relatively new academic discipline

    Early Development of IR

    • The first chair in IR was established in 1919 at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, held by Alfred Zimmern
    • A strong supporter of "idealist" liberalism embodied by Woodrow Wilson
    • The first university dedicated solely to International Affairs was founded in 1927 in Geneva (IHEID)
    • WWI's scale prompted the study of international relations

    The Battle of the Somme

    • 1 million casualties over 141 days (300 deaths per hour)
    • Each kilometer cost over 80,000 lives

    Cooperative Equilibrium in Prisoner's Dilemma

    • How can a group (e.g., two nations) serve the collective interest when individual interests conflict? -- similar to prisoner's dilemma
    • Example: Every nation benefits from reducing global warming but may gain more by exploiting fossil fuels

    Solving Collective Action Problems

    • International entities can solve the collective action problem in 3 ways:
    • Dominance: Higher-ranking actors control lower-ranking actors
    • Example: UN Security Council and the veto power
    • Reciprocity: Rewards those within a group and punishes those who deviate
    • Enforcing the “do ut des” agreement
    • Identity: Shared values foster cooperation and in-group/out-group dynamics
    • Example: disaster relief, and Arab/non-Arab support for Palestine

    European Integration and State-Liability Principle

    • If a state does not enforce European legislation and a citizen suffers damage, they can sue their country in a national court and receive compensation.
    • The EU built on both reciprocity and shared values (identity)

    Levels of Analysis in International Relations

    • Individual: focuses on perceptions, choices, actions of individuals
    • Domestic/State: concerns the aggregations of individuals in states
    • Systemic: focuses on state-level relative power and interactions

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    Module II Political Science PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key events and figures in modern history, focusing on Japan's opening to the West, the unification under the Edo period, and the consequences of the Ottoman Empire's decline. Explore the impacts of the Meiji Restoration and significant agreements like Sykes-Picot.

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