Modern Ethical Theories: David Hume Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the main basis of moral decisions according to David Hume?

  • Innate ideas
  • Reason
  • Moral sentiments (correct)
  • Empirical evidence

Which philosophical position did David Hume hold regarding the role of feelings in moral judgments?

  • Critical approach
  • Empiricist approach (correct)
  • Rationalist approach
  • Intuitive approach

In Hume's view, what is the basis of all social life and personal happiness?

  • Reasoning
  • Empirical evidence
  • Innate ideas
  • Sympathy (correct)

According to Hume, what is the main difference between rationalists and his view on moral judgments?

<p>Sentiments and feelings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary influence on human behavior, as per David Hume's philosophy?

<p>Passion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories into which Hume divides reason?

<p>Demonstrative and Probable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can Hume's main ethical thought be found?

<p>'An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hume, what is the motivational force behind human actions?

<p>Passion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences a person's pursuit of a particular goal, as per Hume?

<p>Passion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In moral judgment, which factor plays an important role according to Hume?

<p>Sympathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of virtues distinguished by Hume?

<p>Artificial and Natural (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of natural virtues as per Hume?

<p>Generosity and Kindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining struggle in an ethical life according to the text?

<p>Balancing between inclination and duty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates human actions when acting from inclination?

<p>Natural habits and urges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does acting from duty entail?

<p>Doing the right thing because it's the right thing to do (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of duty according to Kant?

<p>Categorical imperative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does acting from duty differ from acting from inclination in terms of ethical value?

<p>Acting from duty has real ethical value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle did Kant emphasize as a moral maxim?

<p>Principle of Universalizability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are artificial virtues?

<p>Qualities that are based on social interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories of qualities constitute moral virtues according to Hume?

<p>Qualities that are useful to others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Kant's life revolve around most prominently?

<p>Performing actions in a moral manner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did people in Konigsberg relate their activities to Kant's life?

<p>They adjusted their schedules according to his activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What philosophy did Kant propound?

<p>Critical philosophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core focus of Deontology as a moral theory?

<p>Performing actions in a morally right manner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a hypothetical imperative tell us?

<p>What to do if we have particular desires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Kant, what separates humanity from animals?

<p>Practical reason or rationality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a categorical imperative tell us?

<p>What to do in all situations, regardless of wants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Kantian ethics, what is the value that separates humanity from animals?

<p>Practical reason or rationality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of imperatives are authoritative expressions of our moral duties according to Kant?

<p>Categorical imperatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the principles you live by be according to Kant?

<p>Forged by your very own practical reason (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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