Modern Ethical Theories: David Hume Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the main basis of moral decisions according to David Hume?

  • Innate ideas
  • Reason
  • Moral sentiments (correct)
  • Empirical evidence
  • Which philosophical position did David Hume hold regarding the role of feelings in moral judgments?

  • Critical approach
  • Empiricist approach (correct)
  • Rationalist approach
  • Intuitive approach
  • In Hume's view, what is the basis of all social life and personal happiness?

  • Reasoning
  • Empirical evidence
  • Innate ideas
  • Sympathy (correct)
  • According to Hume, what is the main difference between rationalists and his view on moral judgments?

    <p>Sentiments and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary influence on human behavior, as per David Hume's philosophy?

    <p>Passion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two categories into which Hume divides reason?

    <p>Demonstrative and Probable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can Hume's main ethical thought be found?

    <p>'An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hume, what is the motivational force behind human actions?

    <p>Passion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences a person's pursuit of a particular goal, as per Hume?

    <p>Passion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In moral judgment, which factor plays an important role according to Hume?

    <p>Sympathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of virtues distinguished by Hume?

    <p>Artificial and Natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of natural virtues as per Hume?

    <p>Generosity and Kindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining struggle in an ethical life according to the text?

    <p>Balancing between inclination and duty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates human actions when acting from inclination?

    <p>Natural habits and urges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acting from duty entail?

    <p>Doing the right thing because it's the right thing to do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of duty according to Kant?

    <p>Categorical imperative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does acting from duty differ from acting from inclination in terms of ethical value?

    <p>Acting from duty has real ethical value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle did Kant emphasize as a moral maxim?

    <p>Principle of Universalizability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are artificial virtues?

    <p>Qualities that are based on social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories of qualities constitute moral virtues according to Hume?

    <p>Qualities that are useful to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Kant's life revolve around most prominently?

    <p>Performing actions in a moral manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did people in Konigsberg relate their activities to Kant's life?

    <p>They adjusted their schedules according to his activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophy did Kant propound?

    <p>Critical philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core focus of Deontology as a moral theory?

    <p>Performing actions in a morally right manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a hypothetical imperative tell us?

    <p>What to do if we have particular desires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, what separates humanity from animals?

    <p>Practical reason or rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a categorical imperative tell us?

    <p>What to do in all situations, regardless of wants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Kantian ethics, what is the value that separates humanity from animals?

    <p>Practical reason or rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of imperatives are authoritative expressions of our moral duties according to Kant?

    <p>Categorical imperatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the principles you live by be according to Kant?

    <p>Forged by your very own practical reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

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