Modern Chinese History Quiz

Government policies aimed at boosting economic growth by increasing consumer demand. Key tools include government spending on infrastructure, unemployment benefits, and education.

A system of government where the state plays a significant role in protecting and promoting the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It often involves social programs like healthcare, retirement plans, and education.

A social and economic order driven by the acquisition of goods and services beyond basic needs, often fueled by advertising and the pursuit of status.

An organization uniting the UK and its former colonies, characterized by strong economic and cultural ties.

The period of economic growth and prosperity in Western Europe following World War II, characterized by affordability, industrial expansion, and social programs.

A period of widespread student protests and worker strikes in France in 1968, challenging traditional norms, consumerism, and authority.

The massive economic recovery and rebuilding effort in Western Europe after World War II, fueled by the Marshall Plan.

A set of economic and social programs aimed at improving the well-being of citizens. This includes investments in education, infrastructure, and social programs like healthcare and retirement.

Mao's vision of achieving socialism in China, emphasizing the abolition of private property and placing the means of production in the hands of the workers.

Mao Zedong's strategy of drawing ideas and feedback from the masses, processing them through the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and transforming them into laws and regulations, which are then implemented by the masses.

A political and social movement led by Mao Zedong, aiming to transform China into a socialist society through rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization.

A key aspect of the Great Leap Forward, where farmers were organized into large-scale collective farms, sharing land, tools, and labor.

A major theme of the Great Leap Forward, focusing on rapidly increasing steel production. This included the encouragement of building backyard furnaces in villages and communes.

The devastating outcome of the Great Leap Forward, where the steel production efforts were largely unsuccessful, and agricultural policies led to misreported yields and disrupted farming practices.

The People's Republic of China established in 1949 after the victory of the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War.

The Chinese Communist Party's primary focus on rural areas and peasant support, aiming to abolish the urban-rural divide and end capitalist exploitation of the countryside.

Maoist philosophy that peasants are the core force for revolution due to China's rural dominance, opposed to urban working class focus.

A military tactic using small, agile units to fight larger, less mobile enemies.

The Chinese Civil War, 1927-1949, fought between the Communist Party of China (CCP) led by Mao Zedong and the Nationalist Party of China (KMT) led by Chiang Kai-shek.

The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) economic and social program implemented between 1958 and 1961 that attempted to rapidly industrialize China through collectivized agriculture and large-scale industrial projects.

A severe famine in China from 1959-61 that resulted from the Great Leap Forward's disastrous policies, causing the deaths of millions of people.

The period of social and political upheaval in China (1966-1976) initiated by Mao Zedong to consolidate his power and eliminate opposition within the Communist Party.

The political and ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union (1947-1991), impacting global alliances and conflicts.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) faced numerous challenges such as fighting local warlords for control of territory and winning support from the majority peasant population.

The Marshall Plan was a US economic aid program designed to help rebuild Western European economies after World War II.

The Marshall Plan was designed to promote economic cooperation among nations, making it a condition for receiving assistance. This encouraged European nations to work together.

The threat of Soviet expansionism united Western European nations, driving them to cooperate to contain Soviet influence.

NATO, established in 1950, was a military alliance formed by Western European nations for collective defense against the Soviet Union.

The Schuman Declaration, proposed in 1950, advocated the creation of a European Coal and Steel Community.

The vision of a united Europe with deeper economic and political ties was promoted by leaders who believed it would reduce the likelihood of war.

The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established by the Schuman Declaration to promote resource sharing and economic cooperation among member states.

The Council of Europe, established in 1949, aimed to promote economic cooperation, fundamental rights, and cultural exchange among member states.

The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established in 1951 to create a common market for coal and steel, aiming to reduce the risk of another war by pooling these key industries. This marked the beginning of economic integration in Europe.

The Treaties of Rome (1957) laid the foundation for the European Economic Community (EEC) and Euratom. It promoted free movement of goods, services, labor, and capital, contributing to economic integration and cooperation.

The first enlargement of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973 brought Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom into the fold, expanding its membership and influence.

In 1986, the Single European Act strengthened the European Parliament's role and aimed for economic integration, leading to the establishment of a single market within the European Union. This marked a significant step in the unification process.

The Maastricht Treaty (1993) transformed the European Communities into the European Union, establishing Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the euro as a single currency. It also introduced EU citizenship, enhancing individual rights and freedoms.

The Northern Enlargement in 1995 saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden join the European Union, reflecting the growing cohesion and integration within the union.

The Southern Enlargement (1981-1986) involved the addition of Greece, Spain, and Portugal to the European Union. This reflected the EU's role in promoting democracy and consolidating Southern Europe after periods of authoritarian rule.

The European Union was formed in 1993, driven by the need for unification and to prevent another conflict. The EU served as a way for European nations to defend themselves, promote peace, and avoid war between countries.

A system where the government controls all aspects of the economy, including production, distribution, and prices. Resources are allocated based on a central plan rather than individual needs or market forces.

A system where economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses based on supply and demand. Prices are determined by the free market, and competition is encouraged.

The symbolic division between Western Europe and communist Eastern Europe after WWII. It represented ideological and political differences between the two blocs.

A policy of containing the spread of communism by providing aid to nations threatened by communist expansion. It was a major response to the perceived threat of Soviet influence.

A conflict where major powers indirectly engage in warfare by supporting opposing sides. It often avoids direct confrontation between the main powers, but still results in casualties and instability.

A competition between the US and USSR to achieve dominance in space exploration. This competition was a manifestation of the Cold War tensions and technological rivalry.

A strategy to prevent the expansion of an opposing ideology or influence, often used to curb the spread of communism. The goal was to contain the Soviet Union within its existing boundaries.