Modeling Behavior: Cultural Functions of Play
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of infant play during the first year of life?

  • Symbolic and generative
  • Basic manipulation of objects (correct)
  • Peer interactions
  • Role modeling social conventions

    • At what age do peers start to take on a greater role in play than caregivers and siblings?

  • 5-6 years
  • 3-4 years
  • 2-3 years (correct)
  • 1-2 years

    • Which family member contributes significantly to promoting symbolic play in younger siblings?

  • Father
  • Grandparent
  • Older sibling (correct)
  • Mother

    • What type of development is stimulated by mother-child play according to the text?

    <p>Language development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do adult caregivers use play to teach children?

    <p>Cultural expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does play become increasingly symbolic, representational, and generative?

    <p>Second year of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is symbolic play in infants?

    <p>Using objects alone, in combinations, and in sequences for pretend play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does symbolic play typically emerge in infants?

    <p>Around 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exploration play in infants characterized by?

    <p>Manipulating one object at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary difference between exploration play and symbolic play in infants?

    <p>Symbolic play involves using objects in pretend play, while exploration play focuses on object manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does symbolic play differ from exploration play in infants?

    <p>Symbolic play involves pretending with objects, while exploration play involves only manipulating objects physically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play involves the juxtaposition of two or more objects that naturally go together?

    <p>Appropriate combinatorial activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of play is characterized by clear pretense activity directed towards self?

    <p>Symbolic Play Self-directed pretense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function of play involves infants expressing and mediating arousal dependent on caregiver interaction?

    <p>Social Functions of Play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants smile more with siblings and older infants than with their mothers?

    <p>17 months - 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of play involves approximately pretending without confirmatory evidence?

    <p>Transitional Play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of play reinforces and expands the range of emotion in children?

    <p>Symbolic Play Self-directed pretense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes symbolic play from exploratory play in infants?

    <p>Symbolic play links two or more pretense actions sequentially, while exploratory play involves imagined properties of objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does transitional play differ from inappropriate combinatorial activity in exploratory play?

    <p>Transitional play approximates pretend activities without confirmatory evidence, while inappropriate combinatorial activity involves imagined properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do infants aged 17 months to 3 years smile more with siblings and older infants than with their mothers?

    <p>Peers provide different types of social interactions compared to the maternal relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of play involves reinforcing and expanding the range of emotions in infants?

    <p>Cultural Intrapsychological Functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does symbolic play become evident in infants according to the text?

    <p>Between 3 and 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes intrapsychological mastery functions from social functions of play?

    <p>'Intrapsychological Mastery' involves expressively mediating arousal dependent on caregiver interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play is characterized by basic manipulation of objects as an exploratory activity during the first year of life?

    <p>Exploratory play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of play is supported by adult caregivers, focusing on intrapsychological, mastery, cognitive, social, and cultural aspects?

    <p>Cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As play develops, at about what age do peers typically start to play a greater role in a child's play compared to caregivers and siblings?

    <p>2-3 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play involves pretending without confirmatory evidence or clear pretense directed towards oneself?

    <p>Symbolic play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family member plays an important role in promoting symbolic play in their younger siblings?

    <p>Older siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does play change with development according to the text?

    <p>It shifts from adult-led to peer-led activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do preschoolers engage in longer episodes of unstructured pretend play with peers compared to with mothers?

    <p>Unstructured play with peers maintains mutual interest and excitement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of play that involves peers being better suited for unstructured play?

    <p>Collaborative Play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does maternal encouragement of orientation and exploration predict exploration at 5 months in infants?

    <p>It predicts the infants' persistence during problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky view the role of play in child development?

    <p>Play is a formative activity shaped through social interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor maximizes attentiveness and interest in playing in infants at 13 and 21 months?

    <p>Maternal responsiveness to infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes symbolic play from exploration play in infants?

    <p>Symbolic play involves pretending about absent events or past experiences, while exploration play involves manipulating objects one at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does symbolic play typically emerge in infants?

    <p>18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of exploration play in infants?

    <p>Basic object manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky view the role of play in child development?

    <p>Play acts as a tool for children to develop culturally meaningful activities and learn within their zone of proximal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do infants aged 17 months to 3 years smile more with siblings and older infants than with their mothers?

    <p>Because they engage in longer episodes of unstructured pretend play with their siblings and older infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play is associated with promoting a flexible mindset, innovativeness, and divergent thinking, according to Bruner?

    <p>Out-of-the-box play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family member's response during play is specifically associated with language development in infants?

    <p>Fathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do siblings transition from controlling play to supporting symbolic play, as described in the text?

    <p>2-3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play is characterized by communication of individualistic values and a focus on objects rather than people?

    <p>Play within Japanese families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of play involves the simulation of real-world scenarios and is influenced by the level of pretense ability in adults?

    <p>Symbolic play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function of play is associated with the conveyance of principles, values, and the determination of play partners?

    <p>Social functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do preschoolers engage in longer episodes of unstructured pretend play with peers compared to with mothers?

    <p>Peers are more likely to maintain mutual interest and excitement in joint activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to promoting symbolic play in younger siblings?

    <p>Siblings providing mastery functions of play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky view the role of play in child development?

    <p>Vygotsky views play as formative and shaped through social interactions with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes intrapsychological mastery functions from social functions of play?

    <p>The focus on self-regulation versus social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are peers better suited for unstructured play and able to maintain mutual interest and excitement?

    <p>Peers share common interests and sustain joint activities effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes symbolic play from other-directed pretense in infants?

    <p>Self-directed vs. clear pretense towards others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does appropriate combinatorial activity in exploratory play differ from inappropriate combinational activity?

    <p>Producing unique effects vs. juxtaposition of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Intrapsychological Mastery functions of play according to the text?

    <p>Arousal regulation and emotion expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do infants aged 17 months to 3 years differ in their emotional responses towards siblings compared to their mothers?

    <p>Smile more with siblings than with mom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between intrapsychological functions of play and cultural functions of play?

    <p>Dependence on caregiver interactions vs. self-soothing strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exploratory play differ from symbolic play in terms of object interaction?

    <p>Juxtaposition of natural objects vs. object substitutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of play is characterized by infants smiling more with their siblings and older infants than with their mothers?

    <p>Exploration play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family member significantly contributes to promoting symbolic play in younger siblings according to the text?

    <p>Older siblings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do peers typically start playing a greater role in a child's play compared to caregivers and siblings?

    <p>3-4 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of play involves expressing and mediating arousal dependent on caregiver interaction?

    <p>Intrapsychological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes symbolic play from exploration play in infants?

    <p>Use of clear pretense activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky view the role of play in child development?

    <p>As a social process that promotes cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mothers in fostering the emerging symbolic abilities of 2-year-olds?

    <p>Mothers focus on objects and their functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between older siblings and mothers in supporting infant pretend play?

    <p>Older siblings imitate pretense play more often than mothers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of social development is enhanced through role play?

    <p>Reciprocity and understanding others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between pretend play and language development according to the text?

    <p>Pretend play is correlated with improvements in vocabulary, verbal fluency, and complexity of language structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does adult support influence infant symbolic play according to the text?

    <p>Adult support enhances the diversity, complexity, and sustainability of infant symbolic play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do siblings influence infant pretense play according to the text?

    <p>Siblings are less supportive of infants' emerging pretense play until about 2-3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does mother-child play have in language development as per the text?

    <p>Mother-child play stimulates language development in infants through interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky view the role of play in child development based on the text?

    <p>Vygotsky emphasizes the importance of play in the development of representational thinking and language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do older siblings impact the diversity of pretense themes in toddlers' play according to the text?

    <p>Older siblings encourage more diverse pretense themes in toddlers' play compared to mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social skill is enhanced in children through more verbal communication with peers during play?

    <p>Empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do secure mother-infant and teacher-toddler relationships influence children's social competence up to 9 years old?

    <p>By shaping social competence positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do older infants gain through pretend play according to the text?

    <p>Understanding of others' feeling states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do parents in different cultures convey socio-cultural values to infants through play?

    <p>Through play involving nurturing/household activities or object-directed play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of teasing games and rituals in infant development, as discussed in the text?

    <p>To help infants build negotiation skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does pretend play among 18-36-month-old children differ from their nonverbal imitation during joint goal activities?

    <p>It focuses on creating mutual understanding for a joint goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

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