Model Systems in Embryonic Development

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Which of the following animals is NOT listed as one of the 'usual suspects' for studying embryonic development?

Hydra (correct)

Zebrafish

Sea urchin

Mouse

What is a primary advantage of having human pluripotent stem cells for studying human development?

They are resistant to genetic mutations

They are easier to maintain in the laboratory

They allow direct modeling of human disease (correct)

They have a longer lifespan than conventional model organisms

What is one benefit of using nontraditional or nonmodel organisms for developmental research?

They are less expensive to work with

They offer a broader range of evolutionary perspectives (correct)

They are more resistant to environmental changes

They provide limited insights into human development

Which animal is specifically mentioned as being used to study regeneration?

Spiny mouse Signup and view all the answers

What key factor has significantly increased the accessibility of nontraditional organisms for developmental research?

Shared genomic and molecular approaches Signup and view all the answers

What is one exciting aspect for new students entering the field of developmental biology today?

Having the freedom to investigate any species as a new model organism Signup and view all the answers

How is the generation of cellular diversity referred to in the text?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe when cells and tissues are stereotypically positioned in recognizable patterns?

Pattern formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of cells organizing into functional structures in our bodies?

Morphogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What does the text describe as starting as a flattened plate of cells and transforming into a folded tubular shape?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What controls the elaboration of cell and tissue type patterns according to the text?

Pattern formation Signup and view all the answers

What sets of genes are mentioned to be present in every cell of the body except for a few exceptions?

Identical set of genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the adult stage in species where the larval stage is the longest?

Reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Why do most female moths mate as soon as they eclose from the pupa?

To lay their eggs Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells set aside to produce the next generation known as?

Germ cells Signup and view all the answers

What do germ cells eventually differentiate into?

Gametes Signup and view all the answers

When does gametogenesis usually get completed in organisms?

At maturity Signup and view all the answers

Where do the germ cells migrate to, in order to differentiate into gametes?

Gonads Signup and view all the answers

Why do developmental biologists want to know how the XX genotype produces a female and how the XY genotype produces a male?

To understand sex determination at a genetic level. Signup and view all the answers

What was identified for the first time by Marcello Malpighi in the chick development account of 1672?

The groove of the forming neural tube. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging for mammals to regenerate new limbs like a salamander?

Because mammals lack the necessary genes for limb regeneration. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key question related to sex development mentioned in the text?

How do different sexes develop their anatomies? Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of a geneticist studying globin genes?

Understanding how globin genes are passed down generations. Signup and view all the answers

How does the complexity of the inquiry regarding sex determination differ for a geneticist and a developmental biologist?

A geneticist examines gene transmission, while a developmental biologist studies gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary advantage might the larvae of ancient sponges have gained by undergoing sexual maturity prior to metamorphosing into juvenile sponges?

Development of tighter epithelial cell connections Signup and view all the answers

How many main groups of multicellular organisms exist today, as mentioned in the text?

Six Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevailing hypothesis for the origin of metazoan multicellularity, according to the text?

Colonial theory Signup and view all the answers

What role do choanocytes play in the context of sponge evolution as per the text?

Water filtering functions Signup and view all the answers

How many times is the evolution of multicellularity estimated to have independently occurred over Earth's history?

What is a key characteristic of choanocyte cells that links them to the origin of metazoan multicellularity?

Collar-bearing structure Signup and view all the answers