Model Systems in Embryonic Development

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following animals is NOT listed as one of the 'usual suspects' for studying embryonic development?

  • Hydra (correct)
  • Zebrafish
  • Sea urchin
  • Mouse

What is a primary advantage of having human pluripotent stem cells for studying human development?

  • They are resistant to genetic mutations
  • They are easier to maintain in the laboratory
  • They allow direct modeling of human disease (correct)
  • They have a longer lifespan than conventional model organisms

What is one benefit of using nontraditional or nonmodel organisms for developmental research?

  • They are less expensive to work with
  • They offer a broader range of evolutionary perspectives (correct)
  • They are more resistant to environmental changes
  • They provide limited insights into human development

Which animal is specifically mentioned as being used to study regeneration?

<p>Spiny mouse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor has significantly increased the accessibility of nontraditional organisms for developmental research?

<p>Shared genomic and molecular approaches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one exciting aspect for new students entering the field of developmental biology today?

<p>Having the freedom to investigate any species as a new model organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the generation of cellular diversity referred to in the text?

<p>Differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe when cells and tissues are stereotypically positioned in recognizable patterns?

<p>Pattern formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of cells organizing into functional structures in our bodies?

<p>Morphogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text describe as starting as a flattened plate of cells and transforming into a folded tubular shape?

<p>Brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controls the elaboration of cell and tissue type patterns according to the text?

<p>Pattern formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sets of genes are mentioned to be present in every cell of the body except for a few exceptions?

<p>Identical set of genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the adult stage in species where the larval stage is the longest?

<p>Reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do most female moths mate as soon as they eclose from the pupa?

<p>To lay their eggs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells set aside to produce the next generation known as?

<p>Germ cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do germ cells eventually differentiate into?

<p>Gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does gametogenesis usually get completed in organisms?

<p>At maturity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the germ cells migrate to, in order to differentiate into gametes?

<p>Gonads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do developmental biologists want to know how the XX genotype produces a female and how the XY genotype produces a male?

<p>To understand sex determination at a genetic level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was identified for the first time by Marcello Malpighi in the chick development account of 1672?

<p>The groove of the forming neural tube. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging for mammals to regenerate new limbs like a salamander?

<p>Because mammals lack the necessary genes for limb regeneration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key question related to sex development mentioned in the text?

<p>How do different sexes develop their anatomies? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of a geneticist studying globin genes?

<p>Understanding how globin genes are passed down generations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the complexity of the inquiry regarding sex determination differ for a geneticist and a developmental biologist?

<p>A geneticist examines gene transmission, while a developmental biologist studies gene expression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary advantage might the larvae of ancient sponges have gained by undergoing sexual maturity prior to metamorphosing into juvenile sponges?

<p>Development of tighter epithelial cell connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many main groups of multicellular organisms exist today, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Six (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevailing hypothesis for the origin of metazoan multicellularity, according to the text?

<p>Colonial theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do choanocytes play in the context of sponge evolution as per the text?

<p>Water filtering functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times is the evolution of multicellularity estimated to have independently occurred over Earth's history?

<p>25–50 times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of choanocyte cells that links them to the origin of metazoan multicellularity?

<p>Collar-bearing structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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