Model Structures and Classifications

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What type of models require process knowledge for their description?

Structural models

Nonparametric models

Linear models

Parametric models (correct)

What is a characteristic of nonparametric models?

They require little information about the inner structure. (correct)

They are only used for linear systems.

They are white box models.

They have few parameters.

What is the purpose of using separate data sets for model identification and testing?

To avoid over-modeling (correct)

To reduce the model complexity

To identify the model parameters

To test the model accuracy

What is a property of linear models?

They follow the superposition property. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of model identification?

To minimize the error between data and model Signup and view all the answers

What type of models are constructed from experimental data and are predictive in nature?

Nonparametric models Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when developing a model?

Presenting knowledge in a usable form Signup and view all the answers

What type of model is based on physical and chemical laws of conservation?

White box model Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a white box model that allows it to be developed before a process exists?

It is based on physical and chemical laws of conservation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of classifying models into different types?

To identify the best model for a specific application Signup and view all the answers

What is the state variable of a white box model?

The variable whose rate of change is described by the conservation balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of white box models?

They give physical insight into the process Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation of motion resulting from equations (2.40) and (2.42)?

A∆P = m dv/dt Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical significance of the induction constant in the equation of motion?

Proportionality constant for flow buildup Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a fluid being subject to shear stress?

The fluid undergoes continuous deformation Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical quantity represented by the symbol τ in equation (2.46)?

Shear stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Newtonian fluids at constant pressure and temperature?

Viscosity is independent of shear stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the analogy drawn with viscosity in the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of heating a liquid mass flow Fm of a component i from Tinit to the boiling point Tbp and evaporating it?

An increase in enthalpy flux Signup and view all the answers

What does the specific enthalpy Ĥ depend on?

Both on the temperature and composition Signup and view all the answers

What does ni represent in the equation Hˆ = Hˆ (T , n , n ,...)?

The number of moles of the component Signup and view all the answers

What is H i (T ) in the equation ∂mHˆ (T , Ci ) ∂ρHˆ (T , Ci ) ~ = H i (T )?

The specific partial molar enthalpy of a component i Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature is the heat of formation Hi (T ) usually defined?

25°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of H i (T ) in the equation H i (T ) = H formation ,i (Tref ) + ∫ c Pmol ,i (T ) dT?

Jmol⁻¹ Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in stagnant gas or liquid layers during conduction?

Heat is passed on between molecules Signup and view all the answers

What determines the heat flow per unit area in conduction?

Thermal conductivity and temperature gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength range of electromagnetic heat radiation?

Infrared range Signup and view all the answers

How does the energy radiated by an object change with its absolute temperature?

Proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a black object?

It is a perfect emitter or absorber of radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of the Stefan-Boltzmann constant?

W/m²K⁴ Signup and view all the answers