Model Structures and Classifications
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Questions and Answers

What type of models require process knowledge for their description?

  • Structural models
  • Nonparametric models
  • Linear models
  • Parametric models (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of nonparametric models?

  • They require little information about the inner structure. (correct)
  • They are only used for linear systems.
  • They are white box models.
  • They have few parameters.

    • What is the purpose of using separate data sets for model identification and testing?

  • To avoid over-modeling (correct)
  • To reduce the model complexity
  • To identify the model parameters
  • To test the model accuracy

    • What is a property of linear models?

    <p>They follow the superposition property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of model identification?

    <p>To minimize the error between data and model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of models are constructed from experimental data and are predictive in nature?

    <p>Nonparametric models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when developing a model?

    <p>Presenting knowledge in a usable form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of model is based on physical and chemical laws of conservation?

    <p>White box model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a white box model that allows it to be developed before a process exists?

    <p>It is based on physical and chemical laws of conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of classifying models into different types?

    <p>To identify the best model for a specific application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the state variable of a white box model?

    <p>The variable whose rate of change is described by the conservation balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of white box models?

    <p>They give physical insight into the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation of motion resulting from equations (2.40) and (2.42)?

    <p>A∆P = m dv/dt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical significance of the induction constant in the equation of motion?

    <p>Proportionality constant for flow buildup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a fluid being subject to shear stress?

    <p>The fluid undergoes continuous deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical quantity represented by the symbol τ in equation (2.46)?

    <p>Shear stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Newtonian fluids at constant pressure and temperature?

    <p>Viscosity is independent of shear stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the analogy drawn with viscosity in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of heating a liquid mass flow Fm of a component i from Tinit to the boiling point Tbp and evaporating it?

    <p>An increase in enthalpy flux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the specific enthalpy Ĥ depend on?

    <p>Both on the temperature and composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ni represent in the equation Hˆ = Hˆ (T , n , n ,...)?

    <p>The number of moles of the component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is H i (T ) in the equation ∂mHˆ (T , Ci ) ∂ρHˆ (T , Ci ) ~ = H i (T )?

    <p>The specific partial molar enthalpy of a component i</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is the heat of formation Hi (T ) usually defined?

    <p>25°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of H i (T ) in the equation H i (T ) = H formation ,i (Tref ) + ∫ c Pmol ,i (T ) dT?

    <p>Jmol⁻¹</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in stagnant gas or liquid layers during conduction?

    <p>Heat is passed on between molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the heat flow per unit area in conduction?

    <p>Thermal conductivity and temperature gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength range of electromagnetic heat radiation?

    <p>Infrared range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the energy radiated by an object change with its absolute temperature?

    <p>Proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a black object?

    <p>It is a perfect emitter or absorber of radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of the Stefan-Boltzmann constant?

    <p>W/m²K⁴</p> Signup and view all the answers

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