Model Based Inversion: Low Frequency Model Importance

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Questions and Answers

What does the reflection coefficient R describe in the context of acoustic inversion?

  • The frequency of the reflected wave
  • The amount of wave energy reflected at the interface between layers (correct)
  • The speed of the incident wave
  • The angle of incidence

Which parameter affects the reflection amplitude of a normal-incident P-wave at the interface between elastic half-spaces?

  • Wave frequency
  • Incident wave speed
  • Reflection angle
  • Impedance difference between the half-spaces (correct)

What can full stack seismic data, assumed to represent zero-offset traces, allow us to estimate through inversion?

  • Layer thickness
  • Acoustic impedance (correct)
  • Wave frequency
  • Wave velocity

What should be considered when choosing a deterministic inversion method for full stack seismic data?

<p>Level of well control available and desired answer detail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method, also known as Bandlimited Inversion, is considered as a simple form of deterministic inversion?

<p>Recursive Inversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of fine-scale detail needed in the answer when choosing an inversion method?

<p>Amount of uncertainty quantification required (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Simplicity term Fcontrast aim to achieve in the objective function?

<p>Create an inverted impedance log with as few reflection coefficients as possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Spatial Term Fspatial contribute to the solution?

<p>Stabilizes the low frequencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a higher S/N ratio have on the inversion solution according to the text?

<p>Drives the solution by the fit of the synthetic to the seismic data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it mentioned that increasing all user weights by a similar amount will not change the solution?

<p>Due to non-uniqueness of the solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Trend Term Ftrend primarily stabilize in the inversion process?

<p>Low frequencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does changing one weight or including an extra misfit function affect the balance of misfit functions?

<p>Alters the balance and potentially changes the contributions of all functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data records both lower and higher frequency than seismic data?

<p>Well logs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique can be used for interpolating well logs to create a low frequency model?

<p>Inverse distance interpolation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What guides the interpolation process away from wells when well logs are missing?

<p>RMS velocities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of model-based inversion?

<p>To minimize the misfit between the synthetic model and seismic data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as important to understand in the context of inversion techniques?

<p>Quality of the input seismic data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to minimizing the fit between the seismic and the synthetic generated from inverted impedance?

<p>Cost function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in evaluating the final result of model-based inversion after multiple iterations?

<p>'Complications' in seismic data like noise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves updating the elastic attributes of the model iteratively to reduce differences with seismic data?

<p>'Model based inversion' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'External drift kriging' is an example of what in relation to creating a low frequency model?

<p>'Interpolation technique' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Sparse Spike inversion algorithm' is associated with which software?

<p>'Jason' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying the inverse wavelet to a seismic trace?

<p>To convert it to a reflectivity trace (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge faced when converting reflectivity to impedance?

<p>Possible phase errors and noise contamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Colored Inversion compared to Recursive Inversion?

<p>To transform seismic trace into impedance faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key assumption made by Sparse Spike Inversion?

<p>Only large spikes in reflectivity are meaningful (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Model Based Inversion differ from Sparse Spike Inversion?

<p>It solves for reflectivity iteratively based on known seismic data and wavelets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, why is the low frequency model important for seismic inversion?

<p>It reconstructs important velocity structure absent in seismic data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sparse Spike Inversion aim to achieve by finding large spikes in the reflectivity?

<p>Reproduce the seismic trace with minimum number of reflections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Colored Inversion differ from Bandlimited method?

<p>Is faster and does not need a good initial model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Recursive Inversion and Colored Inversion methodology?

<p>It is faster and does not require a good initial model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Model Based Inversion tackle random noise in seismic data?

<p>It solves for reflectivity iteratively by minimizing misfit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key assumption made in acoustic inversion?

<p>Stable wavelet that does not change with time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the seismic data show according to the text?

<p>Interfaces between rock layers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is interpretation challenging in the southeast Asia clastic example?

<p>Interference due to close vertical positioning of layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of acoustic inversion for improved horizon interpretation?

<p>Attenuation of wavelet sidelobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data type provides easier analysis of lateral continuity in rock layers?

<p>Inverted data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Yellow horizon in the improved horizon interpretation example?

<p>Valley fill interpretation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the completion of the Yellow horizon easier in the improved horizon interpretation example?

<p>Wavelet sidelobes are attenuated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does acoustic inversion assist in better prospect identification?

<p>Enhances contrast between sand layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complicates interpretation in the southeast Asia clastic example?

<p>Close vertical positioning of contrasting layers within half of a wavelet length. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does seismic tuning cause in the lower sand layer according to the text?

<p>Bright appearance compared to upper sand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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