Moctezuma's Death and La Noche Triste

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Match each event with its primary cause or trigger during the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan:

Moctezuma's Death = Public stoning by his own people after attempting to appease them. La Noche Triste = The Spaniards' attempt to secretly flee Tenochtitlan on a rainy night, which was discovered by the Mexica. Smallpox Epidemic = Introduction of the disease by a Spanish soldier, devastating the Mexica population. Siege of Tenochtitlan = Cortés' strategic plan to isolate and starve the city, supported by allied forces and naval power.

Match each Spanish Conquistador to their role in the Siege of Tenochtitlan:

Cortés = Overall commander, directed the strategy and deployment of forces. Pedro de Alvarado = Led one of the three land divisions surrounding Tenochtitlan. Gonzalo de Sandoval = Commanded another land division during the siege. Cristóbal de Olid = Oversaw the remaining land division.

Match each consequence to the event that directly caused it during the Spanish conquest:

Widespread famine in Tenochtitlan = Death of farmers due to smallpox. Disarray among the Tlaxcala = Cuitláhuac's attempts to form an alliance with them. Loss of soldiers and equipment = The breaking of the portable bridge during La Noche Triste. Devastation of the Triple Alliance = The death of two kings and decimation of the nobility shortly after the Spanish arrival.

Match the leader to the correct description:

Moctezuma = Aztec Emperor taken hostage by the Spanish. Cuitláhuac = Elected Emperor after Moctezuma's death, who focused on organizing counter-attacks. Cuauhtémoc = Cuitláhuac's cousin, that succeeded him as Emperor. Cortés = Spanish conquistador leading the expedition. Signup and view all the answers

Match the location to its significance during the Spanish Conquest:

Tenochtitlan = Capital of the Aztec Empire, site of the final siege. Texcoco = City used by Cortés as an arsenal and base for building brigantines. Tlaxcala = Native allies of the Spanish, providing crucial support during the conquest. Causeway = Site of heavy fighting and significant losses during La Noche Triste. Signup and view all the answers

Match weapon or military technology with its impact during the Siege of Tenochtitlan:

Brigantines = Allowed the Spanish to control the lake around Tenochtitlan, cutting off supplies. Cannons = Used by the Spanish to bombard Tenochtitlan. Crossbows and Arquebuses = Provided the Spanish with ranged firepower, effective against large groups. Horses = Gave Spanish soldiers a significant advantage in mobility and shock. Signup and view all the answers

Match the effect to the correct event during the Spanish Conquest:

Initial friendly relations = Aztecs welcomed conquistadors with gifts as signs of respect. Taking of Moctezuma = Marked the turning point when relations turned hostile due to the imprisonment of the Aztec leader. Loss of portable bridge = Signaled disaster for the Spanish during La Noche Triste. Introduction of Smallpox = Caused widespread death and societal collapse within Tenochtitlan. Signup and view all the answers

Match the strategy to the correct description:

Taking Moctezuma Hostage = Spanish attempting to control the Aztec empire through its leader. Building Brigantines = Spanish aimed to control lake access. Organizing Land Divisions = Spanish aimed to effectively lay siege around Tenochtitlan. Seeking Alliances with Native Groups = Spanish increasing their military strength. Signup and view all the answers

Match the Spanish captains with the causeways they initially assaulted during the siege of Tenochtitlan:

Pedro de Alvarado = Tlacopan causeway Cristóbal de Olid = Coyoacán causeway Gonzalo de Sandoval = Iztapalapa causeway Hernán Cortés = Commanded the ships, focusing on securing water control Signup and view all the answers

Match the events with the dates they occurred during the siege of Tenochtitlan:

May 22, 1521 = Spanish captains moved to their causeways. June 1, 1521 = Spanish ships sailed into the lake, supported by 16,000 canoes under the Texcoco general Ixtlilxochitl. June 10, 1521 = Sandoval and Alvarado were ordered to push hard up their causeways towards Axayacatl. June 30, 1521 = Cortés launched a massive assault up the southern causeway. Signup and view all the answers

Match the strategies employed by each side during the siege with their objectives:

Cortés' strategy of cutting off the aqueduct = To deprive the Mexica of fresh water. Cuauhtémoc's strategy of avoiding open ground battles = To negate the Spanish advantage in cavalry and artillery. Cortés’ strategy of using brigantines = To establish dominance over the lake and control movement. Mexica's strategy of using war canoes and spikes = To hinder the progress of the conquistadors on the causeways. Signup and view all the answers

Match the outcomes with the events that led to them during the siege:

Failed Spanish assault on June 10 = Neutral native city-states began to join Cortés. Alvarado's impulsive push forward = Spaniards were trapped and suffered heavy losses. Arrival of a Spanish ship with supplies = Boosted the morale of the conquistadors. Capture of Cuauhtémoc = Tenochtitlan fell silent. Signup and view all the answers

Match the consequences with the conditions in Tenochtitlan during the final stages of the siege:

Extreme starvation and thirst = Weakened the Mexica resistance. Spanish pushing the Mexica into Tlatelolco = Intensified the final stand of the defenders. Use of native allies as warriors = Increased Spanish strength in assaulting the city. Disease amongst the Mexica = Reduced the number able to fight. Signup and view all the answers

Match the individuals involved in the siege with their roles or actions:

Cuauhtémoc = Leader of the Mexica forces, captured on August 13th. Hernán Cortés = Commander of the Spanish forces, planned and led assaults. Ixtlilxochitl = Texcoco general who supported Cortés with 16,000 canoes. De Alderete = Spanish leader who made rapid progress but retreated after an ambush Signup and view all the answers

Match the military units with their primary roles during the siege:

Spanish ships = Control of the lake and support for causeway assaults Native allies = Filling gaps in the causeways and providing additional warriors Spanish cavalry = Breaking through Mexica defenses on the causeways Mexica war canoes = Hindering Spanish progress and attacking ships Signup and view all the answers

Match the resources with their importance during the siege:

Fresh water = A critical need due to the cutting off of the aqueduct. Cannons = Used to fire into Mexica warriors and destroy buildings. Crossbows and gunpowder = Provided a ranged advantage to the Spanish forces. Food = Supply was depleting, putting pressure on Cortes. Signup and view all the answers

Match the locations with their significance during the siege:

Tlatelolco marketplace = Final stand of the Mexica defenders. Chapultepec = Site where the aqueduct was cut off. Tepeapulco = Mexica intelligence center that was assaulted by Cortes. Lake Texcoco = Provided means to attack via canoes Signup and view all the answers

Match the post-siege outcomes with their corresponding descriptions:

Fall of Tenochtitlan = Marked the end of the Aztec Empire. Flow of gold and silver into Spain = Transformed the Spanish economy. Introduction of new crops to Europe = Diversified European agriculture. Mixing of Old and New Worlds = Changed the fates of both worlds forever. Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific attack outcomes to the related tactical implementations by the attacking side:

Cortés's attack on Tepeapulco = Aimed to disrupt Mexica intelligence gathering and communication. Alvarado's push into the Tlatelolco marketplace = Aimed to defeat the remaining defenders, leading to many deaths. Cortés’s dividing his forces during the southern causeway assault = Aiming to spread the Mexica defenders thin, Alderete failed to bridge narrow canals. The Mexica force swarming the Cortés division to reclaim cannon = Utilizing their large armies to exploit strategic advantages in the terrain Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific defensive advantages to the geographical features that provided them:

Mexica utilizing wooden spikes in causeways = Allowed the Mexica to impair Spanish movements and deter cavalry charges. Causeways with canals filled in overnight = Allowed the destruction of progress made by the Spanish during the day. War drums sounding during Cortés attack to the Gate of the Eagle. = To mass a large army to overwhelm the Spanish. Access to fresh water before the aqueduct was cut off. = Allowed the Mexica to resist starvation and dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological impacts with the events that caused them during the siege:

Seeing comrades sacrificed = Demoralized the conquistadors. The efforts of the quetzal-owl warrior. = Scared some of the Spanish, a last-ditch effort. The arrival of reinforcements via a Spanish ship. = Boosted the morale of the conquistadors. Initial stalemate of causeway fighting = Changed the minds of some neutral native city-states, who began to join Cortés. Signup and view all the answers

Match the leadership actions with their direct strategic consequences during the siege:

Cortés scolding Alvarado after the trap = Cortés concentrated efforts on pushing to Tlatelolco marketplace. Cuauhtémoc allowed the Spanish-Tlaxcalan forces to position without much initial resistance. = Realized fighting the Spanish on open ground was disadvantageous Cortés ordering the burning of buildings during the retreat on June 10 = Hindered the Mexica pursuit and limited their tactical options. Cuauhtémoc ordering his people into the precincts at Tlatelolco = Consolidated forces for a final stand, acknowledging the dire situation. Signup and view all the answers

Match the technological or logistical impacts with their specific effects on the siege warfare:

The use of brigantines by the Spanish = Overcoming challenges of lake control. The cutting of the Chapultepec aqueduct = Forcing the Mexica to rely on limited, brackish water sources, weakening them. Filling in the canals by native allies = Accelerated the Spanish advance into the city. The arrival of Spanish horses = Providing mobile combat advantage on the causeways before trap Signup and view all the answers

Moctezuma

Aztec emperor taken hostage by the Spanish; later killed amidst rising tensions.

La Noche Triste

Event on July 1, 1520, where Cortés' forces suffered heavy losses while fleeing Tenochtitlan.

Strategic retreat

Strategic retreat where Spanish Conquistadors and their allies retreated due to the overwhelming Aztec forces.

Smallpox in Tenochtitlan

Disease introduced by the Spanish that decimated the Aztec population, including Emperor Cuitláhuac.