Mobile Network Technologies

Types of Internet Connection

• Dial-up connection uses a modem to connect a PC to the internet via a telephone line.
• Leased lines are high-speed connections rented by businesses to connect branch offices.
• Broadband options available to consumers include:
  • Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)
  • Cable modems
  • Wireless broadband
  • Wireless cell phone internet
  • Satellite broadband

Wi-Fi

• Wi-Fi stands for "wireless fidelity" and allows devices to exchange data wirelessly over a network.
• Wi-Fi is popular technology for high-speed internet connections.
• Wi-Fi access points have a coverage area of about 20 meters indoors and even greater outdoors.
• Wi-Fi is known to be less secure than wired connections and has adopted various encryption technologies to address this.

WiMAX

• WiMAX stands for "World Interoperability for Microwave Access".
• WiMAX is a technology that delivers carrier-class, high-speed wireless broadband at a low cost.
• WiMAX operates at 10-66 GHz Line of Sight (LOS) and 2-11 GHz non-LOS.
• WiMAX has applications in fixed and mobile wireless broadband access.

Generations of Mobile Networks

• 2G (Second Generation) refers to the second generation of mobile networks based on GSM.
• 2G capabilities include:
  • Data speeds of up to 64 kbps
  • Use of digital signals instead of analog
  • Enabled services like SMS and MMS
  • Provided better quality voice calls
• 3G (Third Generation) combines aspects of 2G with new technologies and protocols to deliver faster data rates.
• 3G features include:
  • Speed of up to 2 Mbps
  • Increased bandwidth and data transfer rates
  • Send/receive large email messages
  • Large capacities and broadband capabilities
• 4G (Fourth Generation) has key technologies like MIMO and OFDM.
• 4G features include:
  • Support interactive multimedia, voice, video
  • High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit
  • Global and scalable mobile networks
• 5G (Fifth Generation) uses millimeter wave bands in the 30 GHz to 300 GHz range.
• 5G features include:
  • Extremely fast coverage with low latency
  • Scalable orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) framework
  • 60 to 120 times faster than 4G latency

Search Engines

• Search engines are websites or software that enable users to find documents or media on the internet.
• Famous search engines include Google and Bing.
• Google holds the majority share of search engine usage.

Social Networking

• Social networking is the use of internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients.
• Social networking can have social and business purposes.
• Popular social networks include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram.
• Facebook remains the largest and most popular social network.

Backups, Recovery & Server Security

• Backups are periodic archiving of data to provide redundancy and serve as backups in case of server failure.
• Three primary backup types are:
  • Full: All data is archived.
  • Differential: All changes since the last full backup are archived.
  • Incremental: All changes since the last backup of any type are archived.### Backup Strategies
• There are three primary backup types: full backup, differential backup, and incremental backup.
• Full backup: a complete backup of all data, which is time-consuming and resource-intensive.
• Differential backup: backs up all changes made since the last full backup, which is smaller and faster than a full backup.
• Incremental backup: backs up only the changes made since the last backup, which is the smallest and fastest of the three.

File Server

• A file server is a computer responsible for the central storage and management of data files.
• It allows users to share information over a network without having to physically transfer files.
• Any computer can be configured to be a file server, but it can also be a dedicated network-attached storage (NAS) device.

Email Server

• Email servers provide the communications backbone for many businesses.
• They can be run as an additional service on a server or as dedicated systems.
• Putting an active virus scanner on email servers can reduce the number of viruses introduced into the network.

Proxy Server

• A proxy server is a server that provides a gateway between users and the internet.
• It acts as an intermediary between end-users and the web pages they visit online.
• Proxy servers can provide a valuable layer of security for computers, filtering traffic according to its level of safety.
• Benefits of a proxy server include:
  • Enhanced security
  • Private browsing
  • Access to location-specific content
  • Preventing employees from browsing inappropriate or distracting sites

Network Security

• Backups should be performed incrementally across multiple disks and servers, and on different time schedules.
• Backups should be stored in geographically different places to prevent disasters from destroying the business's IT core.
• Email servers can be protected by putting an active virus scanner on them to reduce the number of viruses introduced into the network.
• Proxy servers can be used to improve security, balance internet traffic, and control the websites employees access.

Social Networking

• Social networking is the use of internet-based platforms to connect with others, share information, and engage in conversations.
• Examples of social networking platforms include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram.
• Social networking has become a significant base for marketers seeking to engage customers.

Networking

• A leased line is an alternative technology for using a dedicated line, providing a secure and reliable connection between locations.
• The range in radio millimeter band where fifth generation rarely uses is 24 GHz.
• The service that often accompanies satellite television service and uses the same receiver for downloading is broadband.

Internet Connectivity

• The generation of mobile network where the data speed is up to 64 kbps is 2G.
• The standard typically based on global interoperability including ETSI HIPERMAN, IEEE 802.16d-2004 for fixed, and 802.16e for mobile high-speed data is WiMAX.