Mobile Elements and Genome Evolution
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe mobile elements as 'genomic parasites' or 'drivers' of genomic evolution?

  • DNA recombination
  • Chromosomal reattachment
  • Genomic resharpening
  • Molecular Drive (correct)
  • Which scientist discovered the DNA transposons (transposons) known as 'jumping genes'?

  • James Watson
  • Barbara McClintock (correct)
  • Francis Crick
  • Rosalind Franklin
  • What mechanism is initiated by the 'cut and paste' mechanisms of Tn elements to repair 'scars' due to mobility?

  • Loss of genetic material
  • Epigenetic modification
  • Gene duplication
  • Recombination by recombinases (correct)
  • What term describes the short repeated sequences that are usually found adjacent to mobile elements when they integrate into the genome?

    <p>Target site duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant genomic contribution of mobile elements?

    <p>Creation of recombination hot spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of mobile elements, what does 'accidental speciation' refer to?

    <p>Development of a new species due to mobile element activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a source of new genes in macroevolution?

    <p>Mobile elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism responsible for the movement of mobile elements in DNA?

    <p>Transposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process in which a new gene is introduced into a population through the action of a mobile element?

    <p>Horizontal gene transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of mobile element movement in macroevolution?

    <p>Increased genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms is most directly involved in the spread of mobile elements within a population?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human genome consists of LTR retroelements?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of mobility for Class 1 mobile elements?

    <p>RNA-mediated transposition through reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the small, renegade RNA genes that make up around 13% of the human genome?

    <p>SINES</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of the human genome that consists of mobile elements?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for converting RNA to DNA in retrotransposition?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for autonomous and non-autonomous mobile elements?

    <p>Class 1 and Class 2 mobile elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

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