1100 Ch12: Mobile and OS Overview Quiz

Mobile, Linux, and OSX Operating Systems

• Mobile devices use operating systems to interface with hardware and run software.
• Android and iOS are the two most common mobile operating systems.
• Linux and macOS are also popular desktop operating systems.
• Mobile OSs have components, functions, and terminology.
• Android is open-source and customizable; iOS is proprietary and closed-source.
• Mobile devices have features like screen orientation, calibration, Wi-Fi calling, virtual assistants, and GPS.
• Mobile security features include screen lock, biometric authentication, remote lock, wipe, and patching/upgrading.
• Mobile OSs can disable access after multiple failed login attempts to prevent unauthorized access.
• Mobile devices often have remote lock and wipe functions for lost or stolen devices.

Open Source vs. Closed Source

• Mobile devices use operating systems (OS) to run software, similar to desktops and laptops.
• Android is developed by Google; iOS is developed by Apple.
• Source code is the sequence of instructions written in human-readable language before being converted to machine code.
• Source code allows for software analysis, modification, and distribution.
• Open-source software provides source code for analysis and modification; closed-source does not.

Android GUI

• Android is an open-source, Linux-based smartphone/tablet OS developed by the Open Handset Alliance.
• Android was released in 2008 on the HTC Dream.
• Android is designed for a wide range of devices and is customizable.

iOS GUI

• iOS is a closed-source, Unix-based OS for Apple's iPhone and iPad.
• iOS was released in 2007.
• The source code is not publicly available.

Windows 10 Mobile

• Microsoft created Windows for mobile devices, including Windows CE, Windows Phone 7 and 8, and Windows 10 Mobile.
• Windows 10 Mobile provides similar user interface and code use as other Windows devices.
• Microsoft products under the Surface name use this system.

Applications and Content Sources

• Apps are programs executed on mobile devices.
• Apps are compiled for specific OSs such as Apple iOS, Android, or Windows.
• Mobile devices come with pre-installed apps for basic functionalities.
• Applications can be used to make calls, send emails, listen to music, take pictures, and play videos.
• Apps can be downloaded or purchased.

iOS Apps

• iOS apps are downloaded from the App Store and are subject to Apple's approval process.
• Apple's walled garden model for apps helps prevent malicious code.
• Third-party developers can create iOS apps using Apple's SDK.

Android Apps

• Android apps are available via Google Play and third-party stores.
• The Android app environment is sandboxed, limiting permissions to those explicitly granted by the user.

Automobile Apps

• In-vehicle entertainment systems are a growing trend.
• Mobile devices can be connected to the system through USB or Bluetooth.
• Features include navigation, music, talk-to-text, hands-free calling, and digital assistant access.

Restrictions on Failed Login Attempts

• Passcodes, PINs, patterns, or other security types prevent unauthorized access.
• Mobile devices can be configured to lockout after a specific number of incorrect attempts.
• Mobile devices can lock or wipe following a certain number of failed passcode attempts.

iOS Erase Data

• If the iOS passcode is incorrect 10 times, all data on the device is erased.
• Restoration is possible using backups in iTunes or iCloud.

Remote Backup

• Mobile device data backups are essential for preventing data loss.
• Mobile device backups can be performed to various cloud services or local PCs.
• Remote backups are possible through cloud services or other devices.

Package (Apk) Files

• Users can directly install software without using the app store interface.

Introduction to Linux and macOS Operating Systems

• Linux supports file systems like ext3, ext4, FAT, and FAT32.
• NFS enables mounting remote storage.
• Linux uses a swap partition for memory management.
• macOS uses the Extended Hierarchical File System (HFS Plus), capable of handling large files.
• macOS now uses the Apple File System (APFS).
• macOS has a maximum volume size of 8 Exabytes.
• Unix is a proprietary OS written in the C language.
• macOS and iOS both build on the BSD version of Unix.

Linux

• Linux is a widely used, open-source operating system.
• Several distributions or "distros" of the Linux operating system exist.
• Linux typically has a graphical user interface.

macOS

• macOS is a closed-source OS developed for Macintosh computers.

Overview of the Linux GUI

• Ubuntu Linux typically uses the Gnome desktop environment.
• The user can customize the display by adding or removing components.

Overview of the macOS GUI

• macOS uses a graphical user interface called Aqua.
• Gestures can be used to control the interface.
• Mission Control shows/organizes open applications.
• Finder is a file system manager, similar to Windows File Explorer.
• Remote Disk access can be used for optical media (CD/DVD).
• macOS allows screen sharing.

Menu Bar

• The menu bar provides access to various OS functions.

Spotlight

• Spotlight is a search function in macOS.

Notification Center

• Displays notifications relevant to the current system.

Dock

• The Dock displays running applications/frequently used applications.

Overview of Linux and macOS CLI

CLI communication with the operating system is common on Linux and macOS.

• Commands (or tools) can be used with parameters, and options.

Linux terminal emulators/macOS terminal emulator

• Terminal Emulators on both OSs are commonly used interfaces.

Linux Backup and Recovery

• Data backups are essential.
• Commercial and open-source tools provide backup options for Linux.

macOS Backup and Recovery

• Time Machine is a macOS backup tool.
• Time Machine backs up files frequently.
• Local snapshots of Time Machine backups can also be created on the local storage device.

Scheduled Tasks

• Scheduling regular tasks like backups and disk maintenance prevents human errors.
• Tasks can be scheduled on Linux via the cron service.

Operating System Updates

• Operating systems are constantly updated to resolve vulnerabilities.
• Firmware updates enhance low-level device functionality.
• Antivirus and antimalware programs are important security measures.

Security Credentials

• Passwords, usernames, digital certificates, and encryption keys are security credentials.
• Security credentials service handles these credentials.

Basic Unix File and Directory Permissions

• File permissions control how users access files and folders in Unix-based systems.

Linux Admin Commands

• passwd changes user passwords.
• ps monitors processes.
• kill ends processes.
• ifconfig configures network interfaces (deprecated).
• iwconfig configures wireless interfaces.
• chmod controls file permissions.
• sudo elevates privileges for some tasks.
• chown changes file ownership.
• apt-get manages packages in Debian-based Linux distributions.
• shutdown manages system shutdown.
• dd copies files and partitions.