مكونات المجهر المركب

Compound Microscope

• Carrying: Always carry with two hands, wrapping the cord around the base.
• Cleaning: Use lens paper only for cleaning and always store covered.
• Magnification: Compound microscopes use two sets of lenses for magnification.
• Ocular Lens: Located closest to the eye, magnifying power is 7x and 10x.
• Objective Lens: Located closest to the specimen, various objective lenses are used for different levels of magnification. The light microscopes used in biology typically feature three or four objective lenses.
• Base: Supports the microscope.
• Arm: Supports the microscope when carried and holds the body tube, nosepiece and objective lenses.
• Light Source: Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, specimen, and lenses.
• Diaphragm: Controls the amount of light on the slide/specimen.
• Stage: Supports the slide/specimen.
• Stage Clips: Hold the slide/specimen in place on the stage.

Microscope Components

• Ocular Lens: Located at the top, magnifies the image.
• Objective Lens: Located closer to the specimen, different magnifications.
• Specimen: (e.g., a tissue sample) is placed on the slide.
• Immersion Oil: Used with the 100x objective lens, eliminating air gaps and maximizing light transmission.
• Light Source: Illuminates the specimen.
• Condenser Lens: Focuses light onto the specimen.
• Diaphragm: Adjusts the amount of light entering the condenser lens.
• Stage: Holds the slide and specimen.
• Stage Clips: Hold the slide in place.
• Light Path: illustrates the journey of light and how it passes through the lenses and specimen.

Magnification and Objective Lenses

• Ocular Lens Magnification: Magnifies the specimen 7x or 10x.
• Total Magnification: The product of the ocular lens magnification and the objective lens magnification.
• Adjustments:
  • Coarse Adjustment Knob: Adjusts the stage quickly for focusing.
  • Fine Adjustment Knob: Makes slight adjustments to improve the image.

Microscope Usage

• Scanning: Use coarse and fine adjustment knobs to focus; then use the fine adjustment until it is clear.
• Low Power: Use coarse and fine adjustment knobs.
• High Power: Use fine adjustment knob only.

Troubleshooting

• Image too dark: Adjust the diaphragm and ensure the light is on.
• Spot in viewing field: Clean the objective and ocular lenses with lens paper.
• Can't see at high power: Review scanning and low-power procedures first.
• Half-moon viewing field: Ensure the objective is fully clicked into place.

Other Microbiology Laboratory Apparatus

• Hot Air Oven: Sterilizes materials using dry heat.
• Autoclave: Sterilizes materials using moist heat (saturated steam).
• Incubator: Used for short-term incubation at controlled temperatures (35-37°C).
• Water Bath: Used for short-term incubation.
• Balance: Measures the weight of materials.

Microbiology Laboratory Equipment

• Burner (e.g., Bunsen burner): Used as a heat source
• Loops: Used for transferring cultures.
• Slides & Cover Slides: Used to hold specimens
• Glass Marker: Used to label slides and other materials.
• Staining Sets & Droppers: Used for staining preparations
• Culture Media: Used to grow microorganisms.
• Culture Plates: Used for growing microorganisms. -Flasks: Various volumes used to hold culture media. -Petri dishes: Used to grow cultures or for other purposes.
• Test tubes and pipettes: Used to hold specimens and transfer solutions
• Cider oil: Used in combination with a microscope objective lens.
• Lens paper: Used to clean microscope lenses
• Soaps & Disinfectants: Used for cleaning laboratory work areas.