مقدمة في C++

Lecture 1: Introduction to C++

• This lecture introduces the fundamental concepts of the C++ programming language.
• Key topics covered include: symbols, numbers (integer and real), reserved words, identifiers, variables (literal, integer, real, double-precision, logical), type conversion, and comments.
• Reserved words in C++ are predefined words with special meanings, which cannot be used as variable names.

Lecture 2: Input/Output Streams in C++

• Input/Output streams are used to exchange data between a program and the user or the file systems.

• Input stream object (cin) is used for receiving input from the keyboard.

• Output stream object (cout) is used for displaying output on the screen.

• Input formatting using input stream functions and output formatting using output stream functions are discussed, such as cin.getline().

• escape characters used with cout to control the output format. An example is \n for a new line.

• input/output format manipulators such as dec, oct, hex, and setbase, setiosflags. used.

Lecture 3: Statements and Operators in C++

• Statements are instructions that tell the computer what to do. Examples given include assignment, if-else, nested ifs, Conditional Operators, and switch statements.

• Operators are symbols that perform operations on values and variables. Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, and Compound Operators are discussed.

• Arithmetic Operators include + , - , *, / and %.

• Relational Operators include <, >, ==, !=, <=, >=.

• Logical Operators include &&, ||, !.

• Compound Operators combine assignment with arithmetic operations, such as +=.

Lecture 4: if and switch Statements in C++

• if, if-else, and nested if statements are used to control the flow of a program based on specific conditions.

• How to implement such statements in C++ are explained extensively.

• The switch statement allows a program to select one of multiple code blocks based on the value of an expression.

• How to use switch in C++ is detailed.

Lecture 5: Loops and Branch Statements in C++

• while, do-while and for loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly until a certain condition is met.
• goto statements, break statements, exit() function, and continue statements are explained for control flow within loops.
• These loops are used for various tasks, such as iterating over a list of values, or performing calculations.

Lecture 6: Arrays in C++

• Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same type in contiguous memory locations.

• Arrays can be one-dimensional (a single row) or two-dimensional (a grid of rows and columns)

• Initializing arrays with values or assigning or retrieving data.

• Using arrays to store and retrieve data is discussed.