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ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي لهذه المحاضرات؟
ما هو الموضوع الرئيسي لهذه المحاضرات؟
ما هو الهدف المحتمل من هذه المحاضرات؟
ما هو الهدف المحتمل من هذه المحاضرات؟
ما هي اللغة التي تُعطى بها هذه المحاضرات؟
ما هي اللغة التي تُعطى بها هذه المحاضرات؟
ما هي المحتويات المحتملة لموضوع هذه المحاضرات؟
ما هي المحتويات المحتملة لموضوع هذه المحاضرات؟
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ما هو التعريف القانوني للشركات التجارية؟
ما هو التعريف القانوني للشركات التجارية؟
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ما هو الفرق الرئيسي بين الشركات التجارية والشركات المدنية؟
ما هو الفرق الرئيسي بين الشركات التجارية والشركات المدنية؟
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من هي الجهات التي تتدخل في تأسيس الشركات التجارية؟
من هي الجهات التي تتدخل في تأسيس الشركات التجارية؟
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ما هي أهم الأركان اللازمة لتأسيس الشركات التجارية؟
ما هي أهم الأركان اللازمة لتأسيس الشركات التجارية؟
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ما هو المقصود بـ "شركات التضامن"؟
ما هو المقصود بـ "شركات التضامن"؟
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ما هو المقصود بـ "الشركة الشخص المعروفي"؟
ما هو المقصود بـ "الشركة الشخص المعروفي"؟
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ما هي الأنواع الرئيسية للشركات التجارية في المغرب؟
ما هي الأنواع الرئيسية للشركات التجارية في المغرب؟
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ما هو الفرق بين الشركات التجارية و الجمعيات؟
ما هو الفرق بين الشركات التجارية و الجمعيات؟
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ما هي الوثيقة القانونية التي تنظم عمل الشركات التجارية في المغرب؟
ما هي الوثيقة القانونية التي تنظم عمل الشركات التجارية في المغرب؟
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ما هو الفرق بين "الشركة العقد" و "الشركة النظام"؟
ما هو الفرق بين "الشركة العقد" و "الشركة النظام"؟
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ما هو المقصود بـ "الشركة التجارية التي تسعى للحصول على ربح"؟
ما هو المقصود بـ "الشركة التجارية التي تسعى للحصول على ربح"؟
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ما هو الفصل من ظهير الالتزامات و العقود الذي يتضمن الأركان اللازمة لتأسيس الشركات التجارية؟
ما هو الفصل من ظهير الالتزامات و العقود الذي يتضمن الأركان اللازمة لتأسيس الشركات التجارية؟
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ما هو المقصود بـ "الشركات التي تُركز على المسؤولية الاجتماعية"؟
ما هو المقصود بـ "الشركات التي تُركز على المسؤولية الاجتماعية"؟
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ما هو الفرق بين "الشركة التجارية" و "الشياع"؟
ما هو الفرق بين "الشركة التجارية" و "الشياع"؟
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ما هو الفرق بين "الشركة التجارية" و "الشركة المدنية" في خصائصها الأساسية؟
ما هو الفرق بين "الشركة التجارية" و "الشركة المدنية" في خصائصها الأساسية؟
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ما هي الوثيقة القانونية التي تُحدد "الشركة العقد" و "الشركة النظام"؟
ما هي الوثيقة القانونية التي تُحدد "الشركة العقد" و "الشركة النظام"؟
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Study Notes
Introduction to Commercial Companies
- This document discusses lectures on commercial companies.
- The lectures were given by Ms. Mina Al-Masloumi.
- The academic year is 2019-2020.
- The course is part of the Faculty of Law, Economics, and Social Sciences at Settat.
Lectures on Commercial Companies
- Studying commercial enterprises involves examining regulations regarding sole proprietorships, focusing on the individual trader's rules.
- Collective enterprises are also investigated because certain activities are impossible or restricted without a collective commercial enterprise.
- Establishing commercial companies arises from a recognition of the time, effort, and capital efficiency gained through a coordinated collective effort.
- The concept of commercial companies is centuries old, evident in ancient civilizations' laws & practices, such as Hammurabi's Code and Roman legal systems.
Current Regulations and Historical Context
- The modern understanding of corporate legal personality and the separation of the company's assets from its partners' personal assets developed after the fall of the Roman Empire and rise of Northern Italian republics.
- Islamic jurisprudence employed the term "company" to describe various forms (like "company of permissibility," "company of ownership," etc.).
- The Industrial Revolution highlighted the need for large-scale enterprises, requiring significant funds and diverse personnel, further emphasizing the importance of commercial companies.
- Modern nations regulate these businesses via legal frameworks, defining their rights and responsibilities.
- French law, notable for its early and multiple interventions in commercial law, is presented as a historical example.
Moroccan Legal Framework
- Morocco's regulation of commercial companies reflects both Islamic influences and its adoption of modern legal frameworks introduced during French protection.
- Key legislation, including the Commercial Code (1913) and the Obligations and Contracts Law, are significant in the development of Moroccan corporate law.
- Later regulations (1922, 1926, 1966, 1978, and 1985) show continuous refinement aiming to adapt to economic and political changes.
- Contemporary Moroccan law involves a combination of Moroccan and French legal principles.
Structure of the Study
- Chapter 1 delves into general corporate theory.
- Chapter 2 examines the various types of commercial companies individually.
General Theory of Commercial Companies
- General corporate provisions are necessary for comprehending the fundamental principles and elements of commercial companies.
- Key concepts include defining commercial companies, addressing relating issues, and distinguishing them from similar structures (e.g., civil companies).
- Subsequent subsections detail concepts like the nature of contracts, establishment, legal personality and related legal rules.
Definition and Nature of Commercial Companies
- Moroccan law uses a specific definition of a commercial company (found in the Obligations and Contracts Law).
- The meaning of the definition, structure, and elements, like participation by more than one person, pooling of capital/labor and the joint aim of distributing profits, is elaborated on.
- Existing legal frameworks are examined to see how they contrast with this definition and highlight required modifications for better clarity.
Distinction of Commercial Companies with Similar Entities
- The course differentiates Moroccan commercial entities from civil companies.
- It emphasizes distinctions from associations and partnerships, focusing on diverse purposes and underlying legal regulations applicable to each.
Elements Needed for Establishing Commercial Companies
- General prerequisites for forming any contract are defined by the Obligations and Contracts Law in relation to commercial entities.
Requisites of a Valid Company
- Chapter focuses on elements critical to forming a valid company including the necessity of consent, the capacity of the parties, and the conditions for the object of a contract and lawful purpose.
Nullity and Invalidity of Commercial Companies
- The Moroccan legal system aims at minimizing the cause for nullity and offers means for rectifying defects in commercial companies.
- Different scenarios regarding nullity are expounded on.
- The roles of potential remedies or judicial recourse are elucidated.
- Consequences and responsibilities, including financial liabilities and obligations, are highlighted.
Legal Personality and Its Implications
- Moroccan law recognizes a company's separate legal existence from its founders, with implications for the company's rights, obligations, and financial dealings.
- Specific procedures are outlined for obtaining legal personality linked to the commercial registry.
- Differences between the status of commercial and non-commercial entities are described, noting that a commercial company has significant legal standing when entered in the registry but not before.
Types of Commercial Companies
- This chapter classifies commercial companies based on their constitution and objectives.
- Emphasis on partnerships (e.g., general partnerships and limited partnerships) and corporations (e.g., joint-stock companies and corporations with limited liability).
- Detailed analysis of each type, focusing on their distinct features.
Specific Company Types (e.g. General Partnerships)
- Each type's defining characteristics and rules are elaborated, covering formation, management, dissolution, and its impact on partners/owners.
- Emphasis is placed on the specific legal elements unique to each type within the Moroccan legal framework.
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Description
يتناول هذا الاختبار محاضرات حول الشركات التجارية التي قدمتها السيدة مينا المصلومي. كما يستعرض المنهج القوانين المتعلقة بالمؤسسات الفردية والجماعية، بالإضافة إلى التاريخ وتشريعات الشركات الحديثة. يعتبر هذا المحتوى جزءًا من كلية القانون والاقتصاد والعلوم الاجتماعية.
