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Questions and Answers
What aspect makes phylogenetic trees considered scientific hypotheses?
What aspect makes phylogenetic trees considered scientific hypotheses?
Which statement correctly defines phylogeny?
Which statement correctly defines phylogeny?
What is the term for the basal internode at the bottom of a phylogenetic tree?
What is the term for the basal internode at the bottom of a phylogenetic tree?
Which statement about convergent evolution is true?
Which statement about convergent evolution is true?
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What can be inferred from more genetic differences between two species?
What can be inferred from more genetic differences between two species?
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Which of the following statements applies to taxa A, B, C, D, and E regarding derived traits?
Which of the following statements applies to taxa A, B, C, D, and E regarding derived traits?
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Which statement regarding the relationships of mantids, beetles, and cockroaches is false?
Which statement regarding the relationships of mantids, beetles, and cockroaches is false?
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Why are organisms B and C more closely related than B and A in the Boltidae group?
Why are organisms B and C more closely related than B and A in the Boltidae group?
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In Exercise 3, what is the name of the software used to perform your analysis?
In Exercise 3, what is the name of the software used to perform your analysis?
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Distantly related species have few genetic differences.
Distantly related species have few genetic differences.
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Study Notes
Phylogenetic Trees
- Phylogenetic trees are scientific hypotheses, modifiable with new data.
- They represent evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Phylogeny
- The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.
- Includes names of organisms, convergent evolution, speciation, and evolutionary history (not fossils).
Tree Terminology
- Root: The basal internode at the bottom of the tree.
- Branch: Represents lineages diverging from a common ancestor.
- Node: Where two lineages diverge from a common ancestor.
- Clade: A common ancestor and all of its descendants
Convergence
- The wings of bats, birds, and bees evolved independently, not from a common ancestor.
- This is an example of convergent evolution.
Genetic Differences and Relatedness
- Greater genetic differences correspond to more distant evolutionary relationships between species.
- Distantly related species, therefore, display more genetic difference.
Software for Analysis
- MEGA was used for analysis in one of the exercises.
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