Mixtures and Solutions

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Questions and Answers

Match the following terms with their definitions related to solutions:

Solute = The substance that is dissolved in a solution. Solvent = The substance that dissolves the solute, present in greater amount. Aqueous solution = A solution where the primary solvent is water. Dissociation = The process where ionic or polar solutes separate into ions in a solvent.

Match the types of solutions with their saturation levels:

Saturated solution = Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature, with excess solute potentially settling out. Unsaturated solution = Contains less solute than the maximum it can dissolve at a given temperature. Supersaturated solution = Contains more solute than it can theoretically dissolve at a given temperature, often unstable. Electrolyte solution = A solution containing ions, allowing it to conduct electricity.

Match the types of electrolyte solutions with their dissociation behavior:

Strong electrolyte = Dissolves and completely dissociates into ions. Weak electrolyte = Dissolves but only partially dissociates into ions. Nonelectrolyte = Dissolves but does not dissociate into ions. Saturated solution = A solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute.

Match the reaction types with their descriptions for reactions in solutions:

Molecular equation = Shows the complete formulas of all reactants and products without indicating ionic forms. Overall ionic equation = Shows all soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions. Net ionic equation = Shows only the species that participate in the reaction, excluding spectator ions. Dilution equation = A reaction that shows the process of reducing a concentration of a solution. Signup and view all the answers

Match the concentration units with their mathematical expressions:

Parts per hundred (%) = $rac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{total mass of solution}} \times 100$ Parts per million (ppm) = $rac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{total mass of solution}} \times 10^6$ Parts per billion (ppb) = $rac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{total mass of solution}} \times 10^9$ Molarity (M) = $\frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$ Signup and view all the answers

Match the effect of temperature on solubility with the type of compound:

Ionic compounds = Solubility generally increases with increasing temperature. Gases = Solubility generally decreases with increasing temperature. Polar solvents = Tend to dissolve polar and ionic compounds due to favorable interactions. Nonpolar solvents = Tend to dissolve nonpolar compounds due to London dispersion forces. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their description

Soluble = Most or all of a chemical dissolves into ions. Insoluble = Some ions dissolve, but not much or essentially none. Precipitate = A solid that forms out of a solution during a chemical reaction. Spectator ions = Ions that exist in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction. Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of solution with its behavior

Saturated solution = Dissolved all it can, additional solute sinks. Unsaturated solution = Dissolves some solute but can dissolve more. Supersaturated solution = More dissolved than temperature dictates. Aqueous = A solution with H2O. Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with the type of substance

Polar = Dissolves other polar compounds (ionic). Nonpolar = Dissolves other nonpolar compounds. Ionic bonds = Break into atoms. Covalent bonds = Stay as molecules Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its respective meaning for performing calculations

M = Molarity. V = Volume. NaCl = Table Salt. MgCl2 = Aqueous solution example. Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its definition in the context of solutions.

Dilution = The process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution. Concentration = The amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. Molarity = The number of moles of solute per liter of solution, denoted by M. Volume = The amount of space a solution occupies. Signup and view all the answers

Match each concept with its application in solution chemistry.

"Like Dissolves Like" = Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes. Dissociation = The separation of ions when an ionic compound dissolves in water. Solubility = The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. Molarity = A measure of the concentration of a solution. Signup and view all the answers

Match each process with the factor that affects its rate in solution chemistry.

Dissolving = Increased by mixing or agitating the solution. Heating = Increases the speed of movement and water breaking apart, speeding up dissolving. Breaking up solute = Facilitates interaction with the solvent, speeding up dissolving. Cooling = Can decrease the amount of molecules than can be dissolved. Signup and view all the answers

Match each solution type with its characteristic concentration state.

Saturated Solution = Contains the maximum concentration of solute that will dissolve in the solvent. Unsaturated Solution = Contains less than the maximum concentration of solute that can dissolve in the solvent. Supersaturated Solution = Contains more than the maximum concentration of solute that should dissolve in the solvent. Dilute Solution = Contains a small amount of solute. Signup and view all the answers

Match the term to which process is useful in the context of calculations

Solute = Part that is dissolved. Solvent = Part that does the dissolving, major amount. Volume = Amount of the substance. Molarity = Measure the concentration of a solution. Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of equation with its role in representing chemical reactions in solutions.

Molecular Equation = Shows all reactants and products as neutral, complete formulas. Complete Ionic Equation = Shows all soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions in the solution. Net Ionic Equation = Shows only the species that participate in the reaction, excluding spectator ions. Chemical equations = Depicts a visual representation of a chemical process. Signup and view all the answers

Match the concentration unit with its application in expressing very low concentrations accurately.

Parts per Million (ppm) = Used for expressing the concentration of a solute at very low levels, like contaminants in water. Parts per Billion (ppb) = Used for expressing extremely low concentrations, like trace elements or pollutants. Parts per hundred (%) = Used to calculate percentages. Molarity = Used for common concentration values. Signup and view all the answers

Match the change to a solution with its effect on concentration or volume as indicated by the dilution equation.

Adding solvent = Increases the volume and decreases the concentration. Evaporating solvent = Decreases the volume and increases the concentration. Increasing the moles of solute = Increase the concentration. Pouring the solution down the drain = Removes volume from the solution. Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic of what a solution needs to have in order to become an electrolyte.

Ions = Must have dissolved ions present in the water solution. Electrons = Needs to have charged electrons in order to carry the charge. Aqueous = Needs to be Aqueous. Temperature = Has a certain temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Match each feature with its purpose

Mol of solute/L of solution = Molarity Ionic/polar solute = Will get ripped apart by H2O. Mixing up Solution = Speeds up dissolving. “Like dissolves like” = Polarity Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heterogeneous mixture

Not evenly mixed; components are easily distinguishable.

Homogeneous mixture

Evenly mixed at a microscopic level; appears uniform throughout.