18 Questions
What is the typical murmur produced by regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle to the atrium throughout systole?
Pansystolic murmur
Which condition predisposes individuals to atrial fibrillation, mural thrombus, and embolism?
Left atrial dilatation
What is believed to be the cause of more than 50% of cases of aortic stenosis?
Congenital bicuspid aortic valves
What is the common symptom associated with aortic stenosis that manifests as chest pain or discomfort?
Angina
What cardiac abnormality causes a third heart sound and a diastolic flow murmur during diastole?
Mitral valve incompetence
Which condition leads to concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and eventual dilatation with failure due to chronic resistance to flow?
Aortic stenosis
What is the degenerative change that results from the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the valve leaflet?
Mitral valve prolapse
Which population is Mitral valve prolapse syndrome commonly found in?
Young women
What other syndrome shares a similar abnormality of the mitral valve as patients with Marfan's syndrome?
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
What may cause functional mitral regurgitation when associated with chronic left ventricular failure?
Dilation of the mitral valve ring
Which condition may lead to acute mitral regurgitation due to rupture of chordae tendineae?
Infective endocarditis
What is the consequence of regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole in mitral regurgitation?
Left atrial dilation
What causes the characteristic 'water-hammer' pulse in aortic regurgitation?
Elevated systolic pressure
Which condition is NOT a common cause of aortic insufficiency?
Marfan's syndrome
What is the most common etiology of isolated pulmonary stenosis?
Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis
In Carcinoid syndrome, what promotes fibrosis in the endocardium?
Serotonin secretion
What symptom is characteristic of mitral valve prolapse?
Midsystolic click
Which condition typically leads to massive dilation and hypertrophy of the left ventricle?
Mitral regurgitation
Learn about the causes and potential complications of mitral regurgitation, including acute and chronic conditions. Explore how rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, and mitral valve prolapse contribute to this heart condition.
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