Mitral Regurgitation: Aetiology and Complications
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical murmur produced by regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle to the atrium throughout systole?

  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Third heart sound
  • Pansystolic murmur (correct)
  • Diastolic flow murmur

Which condition predisposes individuals to atrial fibrillation, mural thrombus, and embolism?

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral valve incompetence
  • Left atrial dilatation (correct)

What is believed to be the cause of more than 50% of cases of aortic stenosis?

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • Congenital bicuspid aortic valves (correct)
  • Rheumatic aortic stenosis
  • Calcification of the valve in the elderly

What is the common symptom associated with aortic stenosis that manifests as chest pain or discomfort?

<p>Angina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cardiac abnormality causes a third heart sound and a diastolic flow murmur during diastole?

<p>Mitral valve incompetence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition leads to concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and eventual dilatation with failure due to chronic resistance to flow?

<p>Aortic stenosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the degenerative change that results from the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the valve leaflet?

<p>Mitral valve prolapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population is Mitral valve prolapse syndrome commonly found in?

<p>Young women (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other syndrome shares a similar abnormality of the mitral valve as patients with Marfan's syndrome?

<p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may cause functional mitral regurgitation when associated with chronic left ventricular failure?

<p>Dilation of the mitral valve ring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to acute mitral regurgitation due to rupture of chordae tendineae?

<p>Infective endocarditis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of regurgitation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole in mitral regurgitation?

<p>Left atrial dilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the characteristic 'water-hammer' pulse in aortic regurgitation?

<p>Elevated systolic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a common cause of aortic insufficiency?

<p>Marfan's syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common etiology of isolated pulmonary stenosis?

<p><strong>Congenital</strong> pulmonary valve stenosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Carcinoid syndrome, what promotes fibrosis in the endocardium?

<p><strong>Serotonin</strong> secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is characteristic of mitral valve prolapse?

<p><strong>Midsystolic click</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition typically leads to massive dilation and hypertrophy of the left ventricle?

<p><strong>Mitral regurgitation</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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