• The goal of this lesson is to understand the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and each phase of cell division.
• Success in this lesson is achieved by describing the phases of the cell cycle and cell division, as well as understanding the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
• Weather changes in a regular pattern each year.
• Some areas experience four seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall.
• As seasons change, temperature, precipitation, and the number of hours of sunlight also change in a regular cycle.
• Just like the seasons, cells have a life cycle.
• Most cells in an organism go through a cycle of growth, development, and division called the cell cycle.
• The cell cycle makes it possible for organisms to grow, develop, and replace old and damaged cells and to produce new cells
• Mitosis involves the division of body cells.

Phases of the Cell Cycle

• The goal of the cell cycle is to create new identical cells.
• There are two main phases in the cell cycle: interphase and mitotic phase.
• The time it takes a cell to complete the cell cycle depends on the type that is dividing.
• For some eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle might take only around eight minutes, while in others it is up to a year.
• Most cells in the human body can complete the cell cycle in about 24 hours.
• The fertilized zebrafish can divide into 256 cells in just 2.5 hours.
• Interphase is a period of cell growth and development.
• Interphase is followed by a shorter mitotic phase (also called mitosis).
• Most cells spend the majority of their life in interphase.
• Most cells go through three stages during interphase: G1, S, and G2.
• Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase, also called mitosis, a shorter phase.

Interphase Stages

• The G1 stage is the first stage of interphase and is a period of rapid growth.
• G1 is the longest stage of the cell cycle,during this stage the cell grows and carries out normal cell functions.
• The S phase is the second stage of interphase, during this stage a cell grows and copies its DNA
• The G2 stage is the third and final stage of interphase.
• The G2 phase is a period of growth and final preparation for mitosis.
• Cells use energy during the S phase to copy DNA.
• During G2, the cell stores energy that will be used during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle.
• To understand mitosis a cell must make a copy of organelles and DNA before dividing.
• During cell division, the organelles are distributed between the two new cells.
• Before a cell divides, it makes a copy of each organelle, these copies of organelles come from materials like proteins and lipids .
• Genetic information is in the form of DNA, located in the nucleus.
• Cells must organize DNA so it can copy itself and divide into new cells with identical DNA in both of them.
• DNA is organized into chromosomes, which are made up of DNA and proteins.
• Chromosomes are counted by the number of centromeres (circles in the center) that are present.
• Before a body cell divides, the genetic material in the nucleus copies itself.
• Mitosis is the dividing of the nucleus to create 2 cells from 1
• Each cell gets genetic material that is the same as the parent cell's.
• If a human body cell has 46 chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have 46 chromosomes.
• Before chromosomes can divide, they are duplicated; that's why chromosomes are technically 46, but each has 2 chromatids called sister chromatids.
• Cells contain 46 chromosomes (2 sets), which make up the diploid number of chromosomes.
• One set of 23 chromosomes comes from the father; the other set of 23 comes from the mother.
• Human cells have 46 chromosomes that get duplicated before the cell divides.

Mitotic Phase

• The mitotic phase of the cell cycle follows interphase.
• There are two stages of mitotic phase mitosis and cytokinesis.
• Cell division occurs in a series of stages or phases, ensuring that daughter cells are the same as the parent cell.
• As a cell prepares to divide, each chromosome in the nucleus makes an exact copy of itself for replication.The two copies are called sister chromatids.
• Mitosis makes 2 identical cells.
• Mitosis and cell division allow living things to grow bigger and replace old or injured cells.
• Mitosis occurs in body cells.

Stages of Mitosis

• The first stage is Prophase where the nucleus is still present and the chromosomes are condensing (becoming visible). "Pro" means "before".
• The second phase is metaphase, where the nucleus disassembles, remember “M” for “middle”
• The third stage is anaphase, where the chromatids separate and begin to move "away" from the middle, and move to the poles of the cell. Think of it like “A” for “ away”
• The final phase is Telophase where two new nuclei begin to form, think "T" for "two"
• Then during the last part of mitosis is cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm of a cell divides, creating 2 new identical daughter cells.
• Mitosis results in two new cells, daughter cells, that are genetically the same.

Cell cycle stages

-Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.