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Questions and Answers
In mitosis, when do spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores on each sister chromatid at the centromere?
In mitosis, when do spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores on each sister chromatid at the centromere?
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes condense and become visible?
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes condense and become visible?
At which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
At which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
When does the nuclear envelope dissolve during mitosis?
When does the nuclear envelope dissolve during mitosis?
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In which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers attached to kinetochores continue to shorten, pulling the sister chromatids to opposite poles?
In which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers attached to kinetochores continue to shorten, pulling the sister chromatids to opposite poles?
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When do the chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope reforms in mitosis?
When do the chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelope reforms in mitosis?
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What happens during telophase I of meiosis?
What happens during telophase I of meiosis?
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What is a key characteristic of the cells that enter meiosis II?
What is a key characteristic of the cells that enter meiosis II?
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What contributes to genetic diversity in meiosis?
What contributes to genetic diversity in meiosis?
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In which phase of meiosis II do sister chromatids separate?
In which phase of meiosis II do sister chromatids separate?
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What is the outcome of cytokinesis in meiosis?
What is the outcome of cytokinesis in meiosis?
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How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
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What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?
What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?
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During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes separate?
During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes separate?
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What is the significance of the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate in meiosis I?
What is the significance of the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate in meiosis I?
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Which event contributes significantly to genetic diversity in meiosis?
Which event contributes significantly to genetic diversity in meiosis?
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What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase I of meiosis?
What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase I of meiosis?
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How does prophase I of meiosis differ from prophase in mitosis?
How does prophase I of meiosis differ from prophase in mitosis?
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Study Notes
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one eukaryotic cell (the mother cell) divides to produce two new cells (the daughter cells), each with an identical set of chromosomes. The process of mitosis is highly regulated and precise, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a full and accurate set of chromosomes.
Mitosis is divided into four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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Prophase: In this stage, the chromosomes condense and become visible. The centrosomes form and move towards opposite ends of the cell, and the nuclear membrane dissolves. The mitotic spindle forms from the centrosomes in animal cells, and spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores on each sister chromatid at the centromere.
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Metaphase: The centrosomes complete their migration to the poles, and the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (the equator). Spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores on each sister chromatid and begin to shorten, exerting a force that pulls the sister chromatids to opposite poles. This ensures that each daughter cell gets identical sets of chromosomes.
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Anaphase: Spindle fibers attached to kinetochores continue to shorten, pulling the sister chromatids to opposite poles. As the chromatids are pulled apart, the spindle fibers continue to shorten, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
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Telophase: The chromosomes decondense, and the nuclear envelope reforms. The chromosomes begin to return to their "stringy" form, and nucleoli reappear. Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, overlaps with the final stages of mitosis and creates two new cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes identical to those of the mother cell.
In some organisms, such as single-celled eukaryotes like yeast, mitotic divisions are a form of reproduction, adding new individuals to the population. In multicellular organisms, mitosis is essential for growth, development, and the replacement of old or damaged cells.
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Description
Learn about the process of mitosis, a type of cell division where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Explore the four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and understand how chromosomes are distributed accurately to ensure genetic stability.
