Mitosis, Meiosis, and DNA Replication
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Questions and Answers

The process that increases genetic diversity within a population is:

  • asexual reproduction
  • sexual reproduction (correct)
  • binary fission
  • cell division

Haploid cells are formed during:

  • occurs in meiosis (correct)
  • neither mitosis or meiosis
  • occurs in mitosis
  • both mitosis and meiosis

An increase in the number of chromosomes from generation to generation is:

  • both mitosis and meiosis
  • neither mitosis or meiosis (correct)
  • occurs in mitosis
  • occurs in meiosis

Each chromosome doubles itself during:

<p>both mitosis and meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chromosomal/genetic duplication occurs during:

<p>both mitosis and meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each daughter cell contains the same kind and number of chromosomes as the parent cell during:

<p>occurs in mitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The resulting cells could be sperm cells or egg cells during:

<p>occurs in meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chromosome number triples during:

<p>neither mitosis or meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occurs in two stages:

<p>occurs in meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The genetic material/chromosomes of the daughter cells are different than that of the parent cell during:

<p>occurs in meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Messenger RNA sequences are determined by grouping of three nucleotides called a:

<p>codon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anticodon is found on:

<p>tRNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The synthesis of a new double strand of DNA begins when the two strands of the original DNA double helix:

<p>&quot;unzip&quot; with aid of an enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sexual Reproduction

The source of genetic variation in a population through the combination of genes from two parents.

Mitosis

Cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

Cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Haploid Cells

Cells containing half the normal number of chromosomes (n).

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Chromosome Number Stability

Both mitosis and meiosis prevent an increase in chromosome number from generation to generation.

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Chromosome Duplication

The process of duplicating chromosomes

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Daughter Cell Genetic Similarity

Mitosis produces daughter cells with the same genetic information while Meiosis produces the daughter cells with different genetic information.

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Sperm and Egg cell production

Sperm and egg cells are produced through meiosis.

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Stages of Meiosis

Cell division that occurs in two stages.

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Genetic Variation in Meiosis

Causes daughter cells to be genetically different than the parent cell.

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Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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Anticodon

Found on tRNA, it complementary binds to mRNA codon during translation.

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Unzipping DNA

Initiates DNA replication by separating the two DNA strands.

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mRNA

The single-stranded structure of nucleotides that is created via transcription.

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DNA as a Template

This happens when the original strands of DNA act as a guide for the creation of new DNA via base pairing rules.

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Attracting Nitrogenous Bases

To bring in the appropriate nucleotides to form a complementary strand

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Diploid Cell

A cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n).

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Chromosome Alignment

Duplicated chromosome pairs line up along the metaphase plate.

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Maintaining Chromosome Number

Prevents any chromosome from having too many or too few copies.

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Cell Division Outcome

Mitosis = 2 identical diploid cells. Meiosis = 4 unique haploid cells.

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Study Notes

  • Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity within a population.
  • Questions 43-52 compare mitosis and meiosis.
  • Haploid cells form during meiosis.
  • An increase in the number of chromosomes from generation to generation is prevented.
  • Each chromosome doubles itself.
  • Chromosomal/genetic duplication occurs.
  • Each daughter cell contains the same kind and number of chromosomes as the parent cell during mitosis
  • The resulting cells from meiosis could be sperm cells or egg cells.
  • Chromosome number triples.
  • Meiosis occurs in two stages.
  • The genetic material/chromosomes of the daughter cells are different than that of the parent cell during meiosis
  • Messenger RNA sequences are determined by grouping of three nucleotides called a codon.
  • The anticodon is found on tRNA.
  • The synthesis of a new double strand of DNA begins when the two strands of the original DNA double helix "unzip" with aid of an enzyme.

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Description

Questions compare mitosis and meiosis, highlighting genetic diversity, haploid cell formation, and chromosome behavior. Focus is on chromosomal duplication and the differences between daughter and parent cells in each process. Also covers mRNA, tRNA, and DNA replication.

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