Mitosis Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

List the steps of mitosis in order.

Interphase, early prophase, late prophase, metaphase, anaphase, late anaphase, telophase, late telophase.

Describe Interphase.

The cell nucleus is well defined and bounded by the nuclear envelope. The chromosomes have already replicated (S phase) but can be distinguished individually.

What occurs during early prophase?

Replicated chromosomes appear as threadlike structures, each consisting of 2 chromatids attached at the centromere.

What happens during late prophase?

The duplicated chromosomes coil and become shorter and thicker. The nucleolus and nuclear envelope gradually disappear. Signup and view all the answers

What is happening during Metaphase?

The spindle is formed and the nuclear membrane is no longer visible, as the duplicated chromosomes align on the equator of the spindle. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Anaphase?

Each centromere divides, and the two identical daughter chromosomes separate. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in late anaphase?

The daughter chromosomes are drawn to opposite poles by their attached spindle fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase?

The daughter chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the spindle. Signup and view all the answers

What is late telophase?

The spindle fibers disappear, and the nucleoli and nuclear envelopes re-form. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between animal cells and plant cells?

Plant cells have a defined shape. Signup and view all the answers

What type of asexual reproduction is the same as mitosis?

Regeneration. Signup and view all the answers

What is GRR?

Growth, reproduction, and repair. Signup and view all the answers

Why is mitosis an important life process?

So that the organism can grow, reproduce, and repair. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four phases of Interphase?

G1, S, G2. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis begin?

Telophase. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids separated?

Anaphase. Signup and view all the answers

Define centromere.

The point where sister chromatids are joined. Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes?

A structure within a cell that contains genetic information. Signup and view all the answers

What are chromatins?

A thin, tangled bundle of DNA threads found in the nucleus of the cells during anaphase. Signup and view all the answers

What are chromatids?

The two identical structures that result from chromosome replication. Signup and view all the answers

What are centrioles?

They help the cell when it is time to divide. Signup and view all the answers

What are spindle fibers?

The structure that separates the chromosomes into daughter cells during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Steps of Mitosis

Interphase occurs prior to mitosis, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.
Mitosis includes: early prophase, late prophase, metaphase, anaphase, late anaphase, telophase, and late telophase.

Interphase

Characterized by a defined cell nucleus protected by the nuclear envelope.
Chromosomes are replicated during the S phase but are not yet distinguishable.

Early Prophase

Replicated chromosomes appear as threadlike structures.
Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere.

Late Prophase

Chromosomes coil to become shorter and thicker.
Nucleolus and nuclear envelope gradually fade from view.

Metaphase

Formation of the spindle apparatus.
Duplicated chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the spindle.

Anaphase

Centromeres split, allowing sister chromatids to separate and move toward opposite poles.

Late Anaphase

Daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposing ends of the cell by spindle fibers.

Telophase

Daughter chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the spindle.
Nuclear envelope begins to reform around each set of chromosomes.

Late Telophase

Spindle fibers disintegrate.
Nucleoli and nuclear envelopes reform, signaling the nearing end of mitosis.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Plant cells maintain a defined shape, unlike the more variable shapes of animal cells.

Types of Asexual Reproduction

Regeneration is a process similar to mitosis for asexual reproduction.

Importance of Mitosis

Essential for organism growth, reproduction, and cellular repair, encapsulated in the GRR concept (growth, reproduction, repair).

Phases of Interphase

Comprises G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis and replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).

Cytokinesis and Telophase

Cytokinesis begins during the telophase phase of mitosis.

Sister Chromatid Separation

Occurs during anaphase when sister chromatids are pulled apart.

Centromere Definition

The region where sister chromatids are joined together.

Chromosomes

Structures containing genetic information within the cell.

Chromatin

Thin, tangled DNA material observed in the nucleus during anaphase.

Chromatids

Identical structures formed by the replication of chromosomes.

Centrioles

Organelles that assist in the cell division process.

Spindle Fibers

Structures responsible for separating chromosomes into daughter cells during division.

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Description

Test your knowledge of mitosis with these flashcards. Each card covers key stages and definitions, from interphase to telophase. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of cell division!