Mitosis and Cell Cycle Quiz

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What happens to homologous chromosomes during Anaphase I?

Sister chromatids are separated.

The nuclear envelope re-forms.

Homologues are separated from each other. (correct)

Crossing over occurs.

How are homologous chromosomes aligned during Metaphase I?

In a single file line.

Side-by-side at the metaphase plate. (correct)

In random order along the spindle.

Parallel to each sister chromatid.

What is a consequence of crossing over before Telophase I?

Cytokinesis must occur.

Sister chromatids become identical.

Microtubules detach from chromatids.

Homologous chromosomes are no longer identical. (correct)

What characterizes the independent assortment of chromosomes during Anaphase I?

Each pole receives a unique mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of microtubules during Metaphase I?

They help align homologous chromosomes at the equatorial plane. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is primarily for DNA replication?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Initial cell growth occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kinetochore in the cell cycle?

To act as an attachment site for microtubules Signup and view all the answers

How is the duration of the cell cycle generally affected across different organisms?

Cell cycle duration varies significantly, influenced by the type of cell. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Chromosomes coil more tightly and organelles replicate Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the centromere during mitosis?

It acts as the point of constriction for chromatids Signup and view all the answers

Which organism has the highest somatic chromosome number based on the provided data?

Bracken fern Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the resting phase G0?

G0 represents a period where cells can enter an active state. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells?

To stabilize DNA molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the chromosome complement in eukaryotic organisms?

It refers to the total number of chromosomes in somatic cells. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does the connection between sister chromatids occur?

S phase. Signup and view all the answers

Why is metaphase considered crucial during mitosis?

It allows for the proper alignment of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cytokinesis is correct?

It differs significantly between plants and animals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins associated with DNA in eukaryotic cells?

They assist in the packaging of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of chromosomes in a species relate to its complexity?

There is little relationship between chromosome number and complexity. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during interphase in eukaryotic cells?

Preparation for DNA replication. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates anaphase in cell division?

Centromeres split Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do sister chromatids begin to be pulled toward opposite poles?

Anaphase A Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs during telophase after the disassembly of the spindle apparatus?

Nuclear envelope reforms Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of cytokinesis in animal cells?

Cleavage furrow development Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells compared to animal cells?

Plant cells form a cell plate between the nuclei. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the chromosomes during telophase?

They begin to uncoil. Signup and view all the answers

What role do cohesin proteins play in anaphase?

They are removed to allow chromatid separation. Signup and view all the answers

What defines anaphase B in the process of cell division?

Spindle poles move apart. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during prophase II?

A new spindle apparatus forms in each cell. Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis II are sister chromatids pulled to opposite poles?

Anaphase II Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the chromosome arrangement in metaphase II?

Sister chromatids are aligned along the metaphase plate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final outcome of meiosis II?

Four haploid cells are produced. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about prophase II is true?

A new spindle apparatus is formed. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nuclear envelope during metaphase II?

The nuclear envelope is unaffected. Signup and view all the answers

How do the chromosomes appear during anaphase II?

They consist of sister chromatids being pulled apart. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the changes that occur during telophase II?

The nuclear membrane re-forms around four sets of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers