Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is binary fission?

Process by which bacteria divide to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

What is mitosis?

Process by which somatic cells divide to produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

What is regeneration?

Process by which some organisms can reproduce entire limbs or genetically identical individuals from fragments of their body using mitosis.

What is asexual reproduction?

<p>Type of reproduction in which there is only one parent and the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is interphase?

<p>Phase of cell cycle that occurs in between cell division when cells grow and replicate the DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during prophase?

<p>When the nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes are clearly visible in the center of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sister chromatids?

<p>Structure formed when DNA replicates and two identical chromosomes connect together at the centromere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during metaphase?

<p>When the sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase?

<p>When the sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is telophase?

<p>When nuclear envelopes form around the two sets of chromatids to form two new nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

<p>Phase that occurs at the end of mitosis, when the cytoplasm is divided and separated, resulting in two new cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cell plate?

<p>Structure formed in plant cells during cytokinesis that separates the two new cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cleavage furrow?

<p>Term used to refer to the process by which the cell membrane pinches together to separate an animal cell into two new cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are spindle fibers?

<p>Structures that connect to the sister chromatids and move them around during mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are centrioles?

<p>Pair of structures in animal cells from which spindle fibers grow during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division and Reproduction Concepts

  • Binary Fission: Bacterial division process resulting in two identical daughter cells.
  • Mitosis: Somatic cell division producing two genetically identical daughter cells.
  • Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction involving a single parent, offspring are clones of the parent.

Regenerative Processes

  • Regeneration: Ability of certain organisms to regrow limbs or produce identical individuals from body fragments via mitosis.

Cell Cycle Stages

  • Interphase: Phase between divisions; cells grow and replicate DNA.

Mitosis Stages

  • Prophase: Nuclear envelope disintegrates; chromosomes become visible.
  • Metaphase: Sister chromatids align at the cell's equator.
  • Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite cell poles.
  • Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform around separated sets of chromosomes to create two nuclei.

Cytokinesis

  • Cytokinesis: Final phase of mitosis; cytoplasm divides, yielding two new cells.
  • Cell Plate: Structure in plants that supports the division of the cell wall during cytokinesis.
  • Cleavage Furrow: Process in animal cells where the membrane pinches to form two separate cells.

Structural Components

  • Sister Chromatids: Identical chromosomes joined at the centromere after DNA replication.
  • Spindle Fibers: Microtubules that attach to sister chromatids and facilitate their movement during mitosis.
  • Centrioles: Pair of structures in animal cells that serve as anchors for spindle fibers during division.

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Test your understanding of mitosis and various asexual reproduction processes with these flashcards. Learn about binary fission, mitosis, and regeneration, and how these processes contribute to genetic continuity in organisms.

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