2CB3 - Chapter 5 Part 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical shape of mitochondria?

Bean-shaped

What determines the size and number of mitochondria in a cell?

Energy requirements of the cell

What is the function of the outer mitochondrial membrane?

Serves as the outer boundary

What is the name of the large pore-forming protein found in the outer mitochondrial membrane?

Porin Signup and view all the answers

What process is a major determinant of mitochondrial number, length, and degree of interconnection?

Fusion and fission Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphological shape of mitochondria despite their variable appearance?

Bean-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What organelle can mitochondria fuse with?

Each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria in sperm cells?

Provide energy to reach the egg Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the outer mitochondrial membrane in terms of protein content?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Site of ATP production Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when pyruvate is converted into lactate under limited oxygen supply?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which shuttle system involves the transport of malate into the mitochondrial matrix and the export of alpha-ketoglutarate from the matrix into the cytosol?

Malate-Aspartate Shuttle Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and produces malate in the cytosol?

Malate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the TCA cycle?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

In the glycerol phosphate shuttle, what is the direct product of the transfer of electrons from NADH to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)?

Glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed to electron carriers of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?

Chemiosmosis Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of ATP are formed from each pair of electrons donated by NADH during oxidative phosphorylation?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation combined?

36 Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of malate from oxaloacetate in the mitochondrial matrix?

Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is transported into the cytosol from the mitochondrial matrix in the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle?

Aspartate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Facilitate ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

It contains cardiolipin but not cholesterol, resembling bacterial membranes Signup and view all the answers

How many genes are involved in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria?

13 Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major aqueous compartments within the mitochondrion?

Matrix and intermembrane space Signup and view all the answers

How many net ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of glycolysis?

Two pyruvate molecules Signup and view all the answers

How is acetyl CoA formed from pyruvate?

Through decarboxylation and thioester bond formation Signup and view all the answers

Where is succinate dehydrogenase located within the mitochondrion?

Bound to the inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced from the TCA cycle for two pyruvate molecules?

30 Signup and view all the answers

What process conserves energy released from the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA in the TCA cycle?

Substrate phosphorylation of GDP to form GTP Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitochondrial Structure and Function

Inner mitochondrial membrane is 75% protein and divided into two major domains with distinct functions
Inner boundary membrane and cristae are the two major domains with different proteins and functions
The inner membrane contains cardiolipin but not cholesterol, similar to bacterial membranes
Mitochondria contain 37 genes, all essential for normal function, and 13 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation
The mitochondrion is divided into two aqueous compartments: the matrix and the intermembrane space
Glycolysis is the first step in oxidative metabolism and produces two pyruvate, two NADH, and two net ATP per glucose
Glycolysis involves nine key steps including phosphorylation, isomerization, and oxidative phosphorylation
Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate through decarboxylation and thioester bond formation
The TCA cycle produces 30 ATP for two pyruvate molecules and involves eight key steps
Succinate dehydrogenase, bound to the inner membrane, is the only TCA cycle enzyme not in the matrix
The TCA cycle involves eight enzymes including citrate synthase, aconitase, and succinate dehydrogenase
Succinyl-CoA is hydrolyzed to release energy, which is conserved in the substrate phosphorylation of GDP to form GTP

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