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Questions and Answers
Mitanni mamlakati hozirgi ______ va janubiy-sharqiy Turkiyada joylashgan.
Mitanni mamlakati hozirgi ______ va janubiy-sharqiy Turkiyada joylashgan.
shimoliy Suriya
Mitanni mamlakatining poytaxti ______ edi.
Mitanni mamlakatining poytaxti ______ edi.
Washukanni
Mitanni saltanatida ______ tizimi mavjud edi.
Mitanni saltanatida ______ tizimi mavjud edi.
feodal
Mitanni xalqining asosiy etnik guruhlaridan biri ______ edi.
Mitanni xalqining asosiy etnik guruhlaridan biri ______ edi.
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Mitanni tilining asosiy tili ______ edi.
Mitanni tilining asosiy tili ______ edi.
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______ Mitanni madaniyatiga ta'sir ko'rsatgan muhim madaniyatlardan biri edi.
______ Mitanni madaniyatiga ta'sir ko'rsatgan muhim madaniyatlardan biri edi.
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Mitanni dindagi e'tiqodlar ko'plab xudolarga, jumladan ______ ga ibodat qilishni o'z ichiga olardi.
Mitanni dindagi e'tiqodlar ko'plab xudolarga, jumladan ______ ga ibodat qilishni o'z ichiga olardi.
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Mitanni iqtisodiyoti asosan ______ ga asoslangan edi.
Mitanni iqtisodiyoti asosan ______ ga asoslangan edi.
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Mitanni harbiy kuchlari, xususan ______ dan foydalanish bilan mashhur edi.
Mitanni harbiy kuchlari, xususan ______ dan foydalanish bilan mashhur edi.
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Mitanni saltanati kech 13-asrga kelib, ______ ga aylanishi bilan tugadi.
Mitanni saltanati kech 13-asrga kelib, ______ ga aylanishi bilan tugadi.
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Study Notes
Mitanni Kingdom (Mamlakati)
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Location:
- Situated in the region of modern-day northern Syria and southeastern Turkey.
- Key cities included Washukanni (the capital) and Naharin.
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Time Period:
- Flourished during the 15th to the 13th centuries BCE.
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Political Structure:
- Organized as a feudal system with a king at the top.
- Kings had extensive power, overseeing various vassal states and local lords.
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Society and Culture:
- The population included various ethnic groups, notably Hurrians and Indo-Aryans.
- Mitanni culture was heavily influenced by both Mesopotamian and Indo-European elements.
- Notable for advancements in horse breeding and chariotry.
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Language:
- Primary language was Hurrian, with some Indo-Aryan elements in the elite class.
- Written in cuneiform script for administrative purposes.
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Religion:
- Polytheistic beliefs, worship of gods like Teshub (storm god) and other deities.
- Influenced by neighboring cultures, particularly the Hittites and Egyptians.
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Economy:
- Primarily agrarian, with agriculture supporting the economy.
- Trade played an essential role, utilizing networks with Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia.
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Military:
- Well-known for its cavalry and use of chariots in warfare.
- Engaged in conflicts with neighboring powers, notably the Hittites and Egyptians.
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Decline:
- Gradually weakened due to internal strife and external pressures from the Hittites and Assyrians.
- By the late 13th century BCE, it fell into decline and was eventually absorbed into other empires.
Mitanni Mamlakati
- Zamonaviy Shimoliy Suriyaning va Janubiy Sharqiy Turkiyaning hududida joylashgan.
- Washukanni poytaxt shahri bo'lgan.
- Miloddan avvalgi 15-13 asrlarda gullab-yashnagan.
- Hukmdor boshchiligidagi feodal tizimga ega bo'lgan.
- Qirollarning qonunlarni chiqarish va vassal davlatlar hamda mahalliy hukmdorlarni boshqarishda katta huquqlari bo'lgan.
- Hurrian va Indo-Aryanlar kabi turli xalqlar yashaydigan har xil madaniyatli mamlakat edi.
- Mesopotamiya va Indo-Evropa madaniyatlarining ta'sirini sezilarli darajada o'zida mujassam etgan.
- Otlarni ko'paytirish va aravachilikda taraqqiyotga erishganligi bilan tanilgan.
- Hurrian tili asosiy til sifatida ishlatilgan, elitada esa Indo-Aryan tillari ham ishlatilgan.
- Ma'muriy ishlar uchun mixxat yozuvi ishlatilgan.
- Teshub (bo'ron xudosi) va boshqa ilohlarni e'zozlashda aks ettirilgan ko'p xudolarga sig'inish amaliyoti mavjud edi.
- Qo'shni madaniyatlar, ayniqsa Xettlar va Misrliklarning ta'sirini qabul qilgan.
- Iqtisodiyot asosan qishloq xo'jaligiga asoslangan.
- Misr, Mesopotamiya va Anatoliya bilan savdo sohalari rivojlangan.
- Otli qo'shin va urush aravalari bilan mashhur edi.
- Qo'shni kuchlar, xususan Xettlar va Misrliklar bilan urushlarda qatnashgan.
- Ichki nizolar va tashqi tomondan Xettlar, shunigdek, Assuriyaliklar tomonidan bosim o'tkazilishi natijasida asta-sekin zaiflashgan.
- Miloddan avvalgi 13-asrning oxirlarida qulagan va boshqa imperiyalarga singib ketgan.
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Description
Mitanni Mamlakati 15-asrdan 13-asrgacha mavjud bo'lgan muhim bir davlatdir. Uning markazi Washukanni bo'lib, mintaqaning ijtimoiy va siyosiy tuzilmalari juda qiziqarli. Bu davlatning madaniyati va diniy e'tiqodlari ham ko'p jihatdan misrliklar va hind-evropaliklar ta'sirida shakllangan.
