Podcast
Questions and Answers
What did the southern environment provide for the Indians?
What did the southern environment provide for the Indians?
a bounty of food
The Indians developed an extensive what?
The Indians developed an extensive what?
agriculture
What was the staple crop of the Indians?
What was the staple crop of the Indians?
maize/corn
Where did the Indians store their corn?
Where did the Indians store their corn?
Signup and view all the answers
Why were storage granaries guarded at all costs?
Why were storage granaries guarded at all costs?
Signup and view all the answers
Native agriculture was supplemented by what?
Native agriculture was supplemented by what?
Signup and view all the answers
Native Mississippians developed many indigenous ________ and fishing techniques that are still used today.
Native Mississippians developed many indigenous ________ and fishing techniques that are still used today.
Signup and view all the answers
What was not native to the United States that De Soto brought over from Europe?
What was not native to the United States that De Soto brought over from Europe?
Signup and view all the answers
What were Spanish soldiers called?
What were Spanish soldiers called?
Signup and view all the answers
What did De Soto bring to feed his conquistadors?
What did De Soto bring to feed his conquistadors?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the dominant language of Indians in the Southeast?
What was the dominant language of Indians in the Southeast?
Signup and view all the answers
The southeastern Indian nation did not have a what language?
The southeastern Indian nation did not have a what language?
Signup and view all the answers
The southeast Indians developed a form of written communication called?
The southeast Indians developed a form of written communication called?
Signup and view all the answers
Pictography was a system of what?
Pictography was a system of what?
Signup and view all the answers
Mississippi tribes were matrilineal, which means?
Mississippi tribes were matrilineal, which means?
Signup and view all the answers
The Indians based their social organization on the?
The Indians based their social organization on the?
Signup and view all the answers
They worshipped many ________ some of whom were believed to be kind and others were believed to be ________.
They worshipped many ________ some of whom were believed to be kind and others were believed to be ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Their religious beliefs were closely tied to their?
Their religious beliefs were closely tied to their?
Signup and view all the answers
The most important ritual among the southeastern Indians was the?
The most important ritual among the southeastern Indians was the?
Signup and view all the answers
_________ traditions among the different Indian nations varied widely.
_________ traditions among the different Indian nations varied widely.
Signup and view all the answers
Only the Natchez practiced human _____ among the death of a tribal chief.
Only the Natchez practiced human _____ among the death of a tribal chief.
Signup and view all the answers
The Chickasaw usually bury the dead with their favorite?
The Chickasaw usually bury the dead with their favorite?
Signup and view all the answers
The Choctaw first laid the dead on a raised _____ to allow the body to ________.
The Choctaw first laid the dead on a raised _____ to allow the body to ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Specially trained people called _____ ______ remove the flesh from the skeleton before it was buried.
Specially trained people called _____ ______ remove the flesh from the skeleton before it was buried.
Signup and view all the answers
Among Mississippi Indians, ______ ______ and other sporting events were popular.
Among Mississippi Indians, ______ ______ and other sporting events were popular.
Signup and view all the answers
The most popular sport among Mississippi Indians was?
The most popular sport among Mississippi Indians was?
Signup and view all the answers
Most Mississippi tribes were organized by towns and?
Most Mississippi tribes were organized by towns and?
Signup and view all the answers
Both Choctaw and Chickasaw developed a tribal?
Both Choctaw and Chickasaw developed a tribal?
Signup and view all the answers
The tribal council was composed of?
The tribal council was composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
The mingos ruled the nation with the advice of?
The mingos ruled the nation with the advice of?
Signup and view all the answers
The rule of law among Mississippi Indians followed custom and?
The rule of law among Mississippi Indians followed custom and?
Signup and view all the answers
Important council meetings were usually opened by smoking the?
Important council meetings were usually opened by smoking the?
Signup and view all the answers
The three large tribes in Mississippi were?
The three large tribes in Mississippi were?
Signup and view all the answers
What did smaller tribes do?
What did smaller tribes do?
Signup and view all the answers
What did small tribes do for protection?
What did small tribes do for protection?
Signup and view all the answers
Migration of smaller tribes was sometimes caused by _____ on the smaller tribes by European ______ ______ or by larger tribes that were allied with slave traders.
Migration of smaller tribes was sometimes caused by _____ on the smaller tribes by European ______ ______ or by larger tribes that were allied with slave traders.
Signup and view all the answers
The first report to a tribe called the _______ was made in 1682 by La Salle during his voyage from the French colonies in Canada down to the Mississippi river.
The first report to a tribe called the _______ was made in 1682 by La Salle during his voyage from the French colonies in Canada down to the Mississippi river.
Signup and view all the answers
On the historic voyage, La Salle ____ all the land drained by the Mississippi river for France, naming it in honor of King Louis XVI.
On the historic voyage, La Salle ____ all the land drained by the Mississippi river for France, naming it in honor of King Louis XVI.
Signup and view all the answers
At the top of the Natchez social structure was the?
At the top of the Natchez social structure was the?
Signup and view all the answers
In the Natchez tribe, the Great Sun was the hereditary ______ of all the tribe.
In the Natchez tribe, the Great Sun was the hereditary ______ of all the tribe.
Signup and view all the answers
The Great Sun was the ______ chief but did not have binding authority over the five villages or settlement districts.
The Great Sun was the ______ chief but did not have binding authority over the five villages or settlement districts.
Signup and view all the answers
Villages were traditionally run by?
Villages were traditionally run by?
Signup and view all the answers
Natchez established villages along the?
Natchez established villages along the?
Signup and view all the answers
The Natchez also built several?
The Natchez also built several?
Signup and view all the answers
The most important sacred mound of the Natchez was called the?
The most important sacred mound of the Natchez was called the?
Signup and view all the answers
Colonists set out among the Natchez.
Colonists set out among the Natchez.
Signup and view all the answers
The French observed the Natchez's ______ of human sacrifice (when the Great Sun died).
The French observed the Natchez's ______ of human sacrifice (when the Great Sun died).
Signup and view all the answers
The French tried to persuade the Natchez to abandon their?
The French tried to persuade the Natchez to abandon their?
Signup and view all the answers
The Natchez and French were _______ toward each other.
The Natchez and French were _______ toward each other.
Signup and view all the answers
As the French population _____ and encroachment on ______ farmland and hunting grounds expanded, several tribal chiefs joined the Natchez in an attempt to drive the French from the _______ ______ _____.
As the French population _____ and encroachment on ______ farmland and hunting grounds expanded, several tribal chiefs joined the Natchez in an attempt to drive the French from the _______ ______ _____.
Signup and view all the answers
In 1729, the Natchez ______ the French at Fort Rosalie, killing about 200 Frenchmen and taking many prisoners.
In 1729, the Natchez ______ the French at Fort Rosalie, killing about 200 Frenchmen and taking many prisoners.
Signup and view all the answers
The next year, the French and their Choctaw allies recaptured Fort Rosalie and killed and captured most of the?
The next year, the French and their Choctaw allies recaptured Fort Rosalie and killed and captured most of the?
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ were the second largest nation among the southeastern Indians.
The ______ were the second largest nation among the southeastern Indians.
Signup and view all the answers
The Choctaw were the most _______ nation.
The Choctaw were the most _______ nation.
Signup and view all the answers
The Choctaw Indians were allies with the ______. They usually allied with the?
The Choctaw Indians were allies with the ______. They usually allied with the?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was the first European to encounter the Choctaw Indians?
Who was the first European to encounter the Choctaw Indians?
Signup and view all the answers
How did the Choctaw lose their land to the Europeans?
How did the Choctaw lose their land to the Europeans?
Signup and view all the answers
During the colonial period, the ______ were clustered in several villages called long town in North Mississippi and numbered about 4500.
During the colonial period, the ______ were clustered in several villages called long town in North Mississippi and numbered about 4500.
Signup and view all the answers
The Chickasaw social and political structure was ______ to the Choctaw.
The Chickasaw social and political structure was ______ to the Choctaw.
Signup and view all the answers
The Choctaw were more peaceful and ______ than the Chickasaw, who were ______ and _____.
The Choctaw were more peaceful and ______ than the Chickasaw, who were ______ and _____.
Signup and view all the answers
The Chickasaw were ______ allies.
The Chickasaw were ______ allies.
Signup and view all the answers
The Chickasaw were actively involved with the English and Indian?
The Chickasaw were actively involved with the English and Indian?
Signup and view all the answers
After the ______ attacked Fort Rosalie in 1729, the Chickasaw allowed members of the Natchez nation who escaped to live among them.
After the ______ attacked Fort Rosalie in 1729, the Chickasaw allowed members of the Natchez nation who escaped to live among them.
Signup and view all the answers
For the next several years, ______ officials at New Orleans and Mobile considered launching an attack against the Chickasaw for giving refuge to the Natchez.
For the next several years, ______ officials at New Orleans and Mobile considered launching an attack against the Chickasaw for giving refuge to the Natchez.
Signup and view all the answers
The French wanted to stop the Chickasaw from interfering with?
The French wanted to stop the Chickasaw from interfering with?
Signup and view all the answers
In 1736, the ______ mounted a major offensive against the Chickasaw.
In 1736, the ______ mounted a major offensive against the Chickasaw.
Signup and view all the answers
________ traders living among the Chickasaw taught them how to barricade their villages and prepare them for the approaching battle.
________ traders living among the Chickasaw taught them how to barricade their villages and prepare them for the approaching battle.
Signup and view all the answers
Even as ______ of the British, the Chickasaw could not hold back the western expansion of the English colonies from the Atlantic Ocean.
Even as ______ of the British, the Chickasaw could not hold back the western expansion of the English colonies from the Atlantic Ocean.
Signup and view all the answers
Eventually, the Chickasaw were forced to sell their ancestral lands in Mississippi and move to?
Eventually, the Chickasaw were forced to sell their ancestral lands in Mississippi and move to?
Signup and view all the answers
In addition to the three major tribes, there were several _____ ______ or _____ that were located in the territory that is now Mississippi.
In addition to the three major tribes, there were several _____ ______ or _____ that were located in the territory that is now Mississippi.
Signup and view all the answers
In 1699, while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi river along the Gulf Coast, a small party of French explorers encountered the ______ Indians.
In 1699, while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi river along the Gulf Coast, a small party of French explorers encountered the ______ Indians.
Signup and view all the answers
The _____ _____, which spoke a dialect of the Siouan language, apparently migrated to the _____ _____ from the Ohio Valley shortly before the French landed at Ship Island in 1699.
The _____ _____, which spoke a dialect of the Siouan language, apparently migrated to the _____ _____ from the Ohio Valley shortly before the French landed at Ship Island in 1699.
Signup and view all the answers
The _________ were known as the ____ _________ people.
The _________ were known as the ____ _________ people.
Signup and view all the answers
The ______ who probably spoke the Tunican language numbered about 200 people and were living among the Natchez.
The ______ who probably spoke the Tunican language numbered about 200 people and were living among the Natchez.
Signup and view all the answers
In the Muskogean language, the word _____ means 'people at the source of a stream.'
In the Muskogean language, the word _____ means 'people at the source of a stream.'
Signup and view all the answers
This is the name given to a small _______ of about 50 people who are closely related in language and culture to the Chickasaw.
This is the name given to a small _______ of about 50 people who are closely related in language and culture to the Chickasaw.
Signup and view all the answers
A small group of _____ also lived with the ______.
A small group of _____ also lived with the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The Koroa was also known as the?
The Koroa was also known as the?
Signup and view all the answers
_____ were living in the upper Mississippi Valley during the French period.
_____ were living in the upper Mississippi Valley during the French period.
Signup and view all the answers
What tribe was known as the bread people?
What tribe was known as the bread people?
Signup and view all the answers
When the European explorers first mentioned the ____ nation in the 1680s, it was located on the lower Yazoo River near the Tunica.
When the European explorers first mentioned the ____ nation in the 1680s, it was located on the lower Yazoo River near the Tunica.
Signup and view all the answers
The Tiou spoke what language?
The Tiou spoke what language?
Signup and view all the answers
Numbering about 1500 in 1698, the Tunica were the closest and most consistent _____ ____ among the Mississippi Indians.
Numbering about 1500 in 1698, the Tunica were the closest and most consistent _____ ____ among the Mississippi Indians.
Signup and view all the answers
The _____ _____ was located on the south bank of a small river that flowed into the Mississippi River.
The _____ _____ was located on the south bank of a small river that flowed into the Mississippi River.
Signup and view all the answers
The Yazoo were closely associated with the Koroa and were _____ _____.
The Yazoo were closely associated with the Koroa and were _____ _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Most of the people who _____ to Mississippi came to farm and grow _____.
Most of the people who _____ to Mississippi came to farm and grow _____.
Signup and view all the answers
When the farmers arrived in Mississippi, they found that the Choctaw and Chickasaw _____ much of the fertile soil.
When the farmers arrived in Mississippi, they found that the Choctaw and Chickasaw _____ much of the fertile soil.
Signup and view all the answers
Many white farmers and politicians claimed that the _____ did not use the bountiful land as a creator had intended.
Many white farmers and politicians claimed that the _____ did not use the bountiful land as a creator had intended.
Signup and view all the answers
Because the white farmers claimed that they did not use the land, this was the basis for both the state and federal policy known as the?
Because the white farmers claimed that they did not use the land, this was the basis for both the state and federal policy known as the?
Signup and view all the answers
The official Indian removal policy authorized the _____ _____ of thousands of Indians to Indian territory in what is now eastern Oklahoma.
The official Indian removal policy authorized the _____ _____ of thousands of Indians to Indian territory in what is now eastern Oklahoma.
Signup and view all the answers
The first removal of Indians from the southeastern United States began with the _______ and eventually included the Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Seminole from their ancestral lands.
The first removal of Indians from the southeastern United States began with the _______ and eventually included the Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Seminole from their ancestral lands.
Signup and view all the answers
During the long and dangerous trek to the Indian territory in _____, many Indians died along the way.
During the long and dangerous trek to the Indian territory in _____, many Indians died along the way.
Signup and view all the answers
The journey of the Indians that were forced to move from their homes is the?
The journey of the Indians that were forced to move from their homes is the?
Signup and view all the answers
Through several _____ _____, Choctaw Indians ceded or sold their land to the United States.
Through several _____ _____, Choctaw Indians ceded or sold their land to the United States.
Signup and view all the answers
In 1830, they _______ the remaining land in Mississippi for land in Indian territory.
In 1830, they _______ the remaining land in Mississippi for land in Indian territory.
Signup and view all the answers
Heads of the Choctaw families who wanted to remain in Mississippi were?
Heads of the Choctaw families who wanted to remain in Mississippi were?
Signup and view all the answers
Did the Choctaw receive the 640 acres of land they were promised?
Did the Choctaw receive the 640 acres of land they were promised?
Signup and view all the answers
Which Indian families weren't given an opportunity to remain in Mississippi?
Which Indian families weren't given an opportunity to remain in Mississippi?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Chickasaw do with their land in northern Mississippi?
What did the Chickasaw do with their land in northern Mississippi?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Chickasaw receive from the sales of their land?
What did the Chickasaw receive from the sales of their land?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Indigenous Agriculture and Environment
- The southern environment provided a rich bounty of food for Native Americans.
- Extensive agriculture was developed by the Indians, with maize (corn) serving as the staple crop.
- Granaries were utilized for storing corn, which were closely guarded to prevent European intrusions.
- Native agriculture was supplemented by hunting and fishing, showcasing a well-rounded subsistence strategy.
Cultural Practices and Communication
- Mississippi tribes engaged in trapping and developed fishing techniques still in use today.
- Muskogean was the dominant language among southeastern Indians, although they lacked a written language until pictography was developed.
- Pictography was a form of communication using pictures and symbols.
Social Structure and Spiritual Beliefs
- Mississippian tribes operated under a matrilineal system, tracing lineage through mothers.
- Their social organization was based on clan systems.
- The tribes worshipped various spirits, believed to possess both good and evil attributes, closely tying their beliefs to the natural environment.
- The Green Corn Ceremony was considered the most important ritual, reflecting their agricultural lifestyle.
Mourning and Burial Traditions
- Different tribes had varied burial traditions; only the Natchez practiced human sacrifice following a chief's death.
- Chickasaw typically buried their dead with favorite possessions, while Choctaw used raised platforms for decomposition before burial.
- Burial customs often involved specially trained bone pickers who prepared bodies for interment.
Tribal Governance and Societal Organization
- Villages were governed by chiefs, with a tribal council made up of chiefs or men/mingos to advise them.
- Important council meetings began with the smoking of the peace pipe, fostering diplomatic relations.
- Tribes such as the Natchez, Choctaw, and Chickasaw were prominent, with smaller tribes often merging with larger ones for protection.
European Encounter and Conflict
- Hernando de Soto was the first European to encounter the Choctaw.
- French colonists formed hostile relationships with Natchez, leading to conflicts and significant bloodshed in 1729.
- The French aimed to reclaim control over trade and power, engaging in warfare against the Chickasaw, who had allied with the English.
Migration and Land Cessions
- Migration of smaller tribes was often due to pressures from European slave traders or larger allied tribes.
- The Choctaw and Chickasaw occupied much of the fertile soil in Mississippi, leading to conflicts over land ownership with incoming white settlers.
- The Indian Removal policy forced Indigenous peoples into Indian Territory, primarily present-day Oklahoma, often resulting in immense suffering and the loss of life known as the Trail of Tears.
Impact on Tribes
- The Choctaw ceded land through land cessions beginning in the 1830s, often in exchange for empty promises of land and resources.
- While the Choctaw were somewhat compensated for their land, many families received little to no promised acreage.
- The Chickasaw similarly ceded their lands in northern Mississippi without receiving adequate compensation.
Lasting Effects and Legacy
- The legacy of Euro-American expansion and Indian removal has deeply affected Native American tribes' demographics, cultural practices, and socio-political structures in the southeastern United States.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts from Mississippi Studies Chapter 2. This guided reading quiz focuses on the agricultural practices and environmental factors that shaped the lives of Native Indians in the region. Prepare for a deeper understanding of their staple crops and food storage methods.
