Misinformation and Online Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of disinformation?

  • To inform readers accurately
  • To provide entertainment
  • To mislead people (correct)
  • To promote healthy debate

The emotional contagion theory suggests that emotions can be amplified and influence behaviors.

True (A)

What is one way to detect misinformation?

Fact checking websites

Disinformation is often created to ______ readers intentionally.

<p>mislead</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Misinformation = News designed to mislead or deceive Targeted Ads = Advertisements tailored to specific users Emotional Contagion = Amplification of emotions in social settings Regulation = Government control to ensure safety online</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the government consider banning according to the discussion?

<p>Bad advertisements relating to harmful content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of hospitalizations for eating disorders in young people has decreased since 2009.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on June 4th, 1989, involving a student protest?

<p>Tiananmen Square protests</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential negative consequence of the internet?

<p>Increased access to information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Internet has only positive impacts on society.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways in which the internet can benefit society?

<p>The internet can benefit society by promoting communication between people and providing access to information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spread of ____ can be a significant negative consequence of the internet.

<p>fake news</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a core concept of the Gladue Report?

<p>Judges should consider an offender's Indigenous background and the impacts of colonization when making sentencing decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Gladue Report has completely eliminated systemic bias in sentencing Indigenous offenders in Canada.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one specific example of a long-term effect of residential schools on Indigenous people?

<p>One specific example of a long-term effect of residential schools on Indigenous people is intergenerational trauma, which can manifest in issues like mental health struggles and substance abuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Gladue Report was introduced in ____ to address systemic bias in sentencing Indigenous offenders.

<p>1999</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

<p>Multilateral aid = Aid provided by one country directly to another country. Bilateral aid = Aid provided through international organizations. GDP = A measure of a country's economic output. Carbon tax = A tax levied on the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason often cited for why wealthy nations should provide foreign aid?

<p>Increased global wealth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Canada currently provides 0.7% of its GDP in foreign aid.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain one potential negative consequence of climate change on developing countries.

<p>One negative consequence of climate change on developing countries is the loss of jobs in sectors like fishing, as rising temperatures and changing ocean currents impact fish populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ____ Agreement is an international agreement aimed at limiting global warming.

<p>Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the carbon tax in Canada?

<p>To reduce carbon emissions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The carbon tax in Canada is currently set at $170 per tonne.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one website or tool that can be used to fact-check online information.

<p>Snopes is a well-known website that fact-checks online claims and debunks rumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is the use of data to predict personality traits.

<p>Psychometrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can fake news influence people's decisions?

<p>By manipulating their beliefs and opinions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Disinformation

Information intentionally designed to mislead or deceive people, often spread through social media and online platforms.

Misinformation

False or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally, often due to mistakes or misunderstandings.

Fact-Checking Websites

Websites and tools dedicated to verifying the accuracy and reliability of information, helping users identify and avoid misinformation.

Emotional Contagion

The spread of emotions, especially negative ones, through online networks, often amplified by social media algorithms.

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Targeted Ads

Advertising tailored to individual users based on their online behavior, demographics, and interests.

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Political Social Media Manipulation

The use of social media platforms to influence political opinions and elections through the spread of propaganda, targeted advertising, and misinformation.

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Political Control of Media

The suppression of free speech and information control by governments through censorship, propaganda, and internet surveillance.

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Democratization

The process of transitioning from authoritarian to democratic governance, often involving reforms to establish freedom of speech, press, and internet access.

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Cyberbullying

The intentional online harassment and bullying of others.

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Fake News

Information that is intentionally false or misleading, spread through various media to deceive people.

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Conspiracy Theory

A theory or explanation that is not supported by evidence, often explaining events or phenomena in ways that differ greatly from established scientific or historical knowledge.

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Intergenerational Trauma

The impact of past events, such as colonialism and residential schools, on Indigenous communities that has been passed down through generations.

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The Gladue Report

A report that emphasizes the unique historical and social context of Indigenous people in Canada, especially when dealing with the justice system. It requires courts to consider this context when sentencing Indigenous offenders.

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Cultural Assimilation

The process of deliberately erasing or suppressing the cultural practices, languages, and beliefs of Indigenous peoples by imposing another culture on them.

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Foreign Aid

Providing financial aid from one country or organization to another, usually with the aim of supporting development and addressing poverty.

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Multilateral Aid

Foreign aid given through international organizations like the United Nations.

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Bilateral Aid

Foreign aid given directly from one country to another, giving the donor country more control over how the aid is used.

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Paris Agreement

A global agreement between countries to limit greenhouse gas emissions and prevent dangerous climate change.

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Carbon Tax

A tax on carbon emissions, usually imposed on fossil fuels like gasoline and natural gas.

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Psychometrics

A set of tools and techniques used to predict and analyze people's personality traits, attitudes, and behavior based on data collected online.

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Fact-Checking

The process of examining a piece of news or information to determine its authenticity and reliability.

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Self-Determination

The ability to control one's own affairs and make decisions about one's own life, particularly for Indigenous communities, referring to control over land and resources.

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Cultural Revitalization

The process of restoring and revitalizing lost cultural practices, languages, and traditions.

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What is Misinformation?

Misinformation is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally, often due to mistakes or misunderstandings. It's like a game of telephone where the message gets distorted with each retelling.

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What is Disinformation?

Disinformation is information that is intentionally designed to mislead or deceive people, often spread through social media and online platforms. It's like a carefully crafted lie meant to manipulate.

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How does emotional contagion work?

Emotional contagion theory states that our emotions can be easily influenced by the emotions of those around us, especially online. Like a contagious disease, happiness or sadness can spread through social media.

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How do targeted ads work?

Targeted ads are advertisements that are tailored to individual users based on their online behavior, demographics, and interests. It's like a personalized shopping experience, but for ads.

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How is social media used for political manipulation?

Political manipulation using social media involves using online platforms to influence political opinions and elections by spreading misinformation and using targeted ads. It's a way to sway public opinion through digital persuasion.

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What is political control of the media?

Political control of media refers to governments limiting free speech and controlling information through censorship, propaganda, and internet surveillance. It's like a government holding the keys to the information kingdom.

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What is Democratization?

Democratization is the process of transitioning from authoritarian to democratic governance, often involving reforms to establish freedom of speech, press, and internet access. It's a journey towards a more open and inclusive society.

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What is the Tank Man incident?

The Tank Man incident, where an individual stood bravely against a column of tanks in Tiananmen Square, is a symbol of individual courage and protest against government oppression. It was a powerful event that inspired millions.

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What is the Gladue Report?

It aims to reduce bias in sentencing Indigenous offenders by considering their unique historical context, trauma, and social issues.

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What is a Carbon Tax?

It's a tax placed on carbon emissions, often on fossil fuels like gasoline and natural gas, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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What is the Paris Agreement?

It is an agreement between countries to limit greenhouse gas emissions and avoid dangerous climate change. Each country sets its own goals to achieve a shared goal.

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What is Bilateral Aid?

This type of aid is given directly from one country to another, allowing the donor country greater control over how the aid is used.

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What is Multilateral Aid?

This type of aid is given through international organizations like the United Nations, where countries contribute to a shared fund.

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What is Cultural Assimilation?

This refers to the process of deliberately erasing or suppressing the cultural practices, languages, and beliefs of Indigenous Peoples by imposing another culture on them.

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What is Intergenerational Trauma?

It refers to the negative impact of past events on Indigenous communities, like colonialism and residential schools, that has been passed down through generations.

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What is Self-Determination?

It is the ability of Indigenous communities to control their own land, resources, and affairs.

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What is Cultural Revitalization?

This refers to the process of restoring and revitalizing lost cultural practices, languages, and traditions.

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What is Psychometrics?

It aims to predict and analyze people's personality traits, attitudes, and behaviour using data collected online.

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What is Fact-Checking?

It's the process of examining news or information to determine its authenticity and reliability.

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How does Climate Change affect water?

It refers to the rising temperatures in bodies of water due to climate change, impacting marine life and ecosystems.

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Study Notes

Misinformation and Disinformation

  • Misinformation: Deliberately false or misleading news, stories, or hoaxes. Created to misinform or deceive.
  • Disinformation: Information intentionally designed to deceive.
  • Detection Methods: Verify sources (Wikipedia trick, fact-checking websites like Snopes), examine images/videos, cross-reference information with multiple sources.
  • Targeted Advertising: Companies use data to create ads tailored to individual users, aiming to maximize site visits and gather personal data.
  • Emotional Contagion: Emotions are amplified and spread, potentially impacting decision-making (e.g., happiness spreads positive ideas, sadness reinforces negative feelings).
  • Mental Health Impact: Significant increases in depression (70% in last 25 years), suicide rates (50% increase in females, 30% increase in males), hospitalizations (doubled since 2009 in young people), and eating disorders have been observed.

Government Involvement in Online Content

  • Regulation vs. Banning: The government should regulate social media to create safer online platforms, not ban them.
  • Banning Harmful Ads: Banning advertisements for harmful products like tobacco, pornography is supported to protect young people.
  • Historical Examples: Trump used targeted ads to win elections, achieving over 80,000 daily ads to 80 million Facebook users.

China's Media Control

  • Political Control: The Chinese government tightly controls information disseminated through media and the internet.
  • Tiananmen Square (1989): A student-led protest about corruption was brutally suppressed by the military, highlighting government media control, including the "Tank Man" incident (June 5th, 1989).
  • Internet Police: The government actively monitors and censors internet content.
  • Capitalist Transformation: China adopted a capitalist economic system while maintaining control over the media and internet.

Democratization and the Internet

  • Internet's Potential: Connecting people, fostering freedom of speech, providing information access, and creating entrepreneurial opportunities.
  • Negative Aspects: Cyberbullying, fake news, rise of depression, suicide rates, eating disorders, hate speech highlight negative online consequences.
  • Management: The internet is good, but people need to learn to manage it responsibly.

Essay Topics: Population, Indigenous Rights, and Issues of Choice

Population Studies

  • Malthus/Ehrlich/Simon: These thinkers have contrasting views on population growth and its impact on resource availability.
  • China's One-Child Policy: A controversial population control measure to manage overpopulation.
  • Canadian Immigration: The ongoing debate surrounding immigration's impact on population growth.

Indigenous Issues

  • Colonization: Canada's colonization harmed Indigenous peoples through cultural assimilation and the removal of children from their families.
  • Residential Schools: Forced assimilation in residential schools caused cultural loss and generational trauma.
  • Gladue Report: A report addressing systemic biases in sentencing Indigenous offenders, requiring courts to consider colonization, trauma, and poverty.
  • Problems with Gladue Report Implementation: Lack of funding, inconsistent application, inadequate training for legal professionals.
  • Solutions: Education, equitable funding, recognizing Indigenous governance, supporting cultural revitalization, government-Indigenous collaboration to deliver clean water, housing, and basic infrastructure improvements.

Issues of Choice

  • Foreign Aid: Moral responsibility, global stability, economic benefits, and humanitarian reasons are arguments for providing foreign aid.
  • Multilateral/Bilateral Aid: Differences between receiving aid through international organizations vs. directly from a country.
  • Canada's Aid Commitment: Committed to 0.7% of GDP but currently provides 0.3%, with future commitments uncertain.

Climate Change

  • Effects: Rising water temperatures, loss of jobs in food-dependent countries, animal migrations, ocean ecosystem collapse (coral reef dying), shrinking icebergs affecting animal life in the Arctic.
  • Paris Agreement: A global agreement aiming to limit carbon emissions to combat climate change.
  • Carbon Tax: Canada's 2019 carbon tax to reduce carbon emissions, started at 20/metrictonneandrisingto20/metric tonne and rising to 20/metrictonneandrisingto170 by 2030, with rebates.

Fake News Detection and Influence

  • Fact-Checking: Recognizing credible sources, verifying authors, cross-checking information, and reviewing images/videos are crucial for fake news detection.
  • Psychometrics: Using data to predict personality traits.
  • Fake News Influence: Manipulating decisions, dividing people, spreading conspiracy theories, like those surrounding COVID-19 vaccinations.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of misinformation and disinformation, including detection methods and the impact on mental health. It also addresses the role of government in regulating online content to ensure user safety. Test your knowledge on these critical issues in today's digital landscape.

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