Podcast
Questions and Answers
What determines the color of a mineral?
What determines the color of a mineral?
- The weight of the mineral compared to water
- The type of light hitting the mineral
- The arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice (correct)
- The type of mineral alone
Which term describes the color of a mineral in its powdered form?
Which term describes the color of a mineral in its powdered form?
- Streak (correct)
- Opacity
- Specific Gravity
- Luster
What does luster refer to in the context of minerals?
What does luster refer to in the context of minerals?
- The mineral's ability to reflect light (correct)
- The mineral's resistance to heat
- The strength of the mineral's structure
- The color of the mineral
How is specific gravity of a mineral defined?
How is specific gravity of a mineral defined?
What property measures a mineral's resistance to scratches?
What property measures a mineral's resistance to scratches?
What is the primary purpose of drilling in mining?
What is the primary purpose of drilling in mining?
What does modeling in mining operations focus on?
What does modeling in mining operations focus on?
What occurs during the milling process in mining?
What occurs during the milling process in mining?
What is a significant environmental concern associated with waste produced during mining?
What is a significant environmental concern associated with waste produced during mining?
What does the concept of mine site decommissioning involve?
What does the concept of mine site decommissioning involve?
In mining, what is the ratio of useful mineral to waste during the extraction of copper?
In mining, what is the ratio of useful mineral to waste during the extraction of copper?
What is the main goal of separating high-grade ores from a deposit?
What is the main goal of separating high-grade ores from a deposit?
What percentage of the world's energy consumption in 2000 was attributed to petroleum?
What percentage of the world's energy consumption in 2000 was attributed to petroleum?
What is the correct order of operations in the mining process?
What is the correct order of operations in the mining process?
Which of the following energy sources produces the least amount of pollutants when used?
Which of the following energy sources produces the least amount of pollutants when used?
What is a significant environmental impact of hydroelectric energy production?
What is a significant environmental impact of hydroelectric energy production?
Which energy source is characterized by a low energy potential relative to others?
Which energy source is characterized by a low energy potential relative to others?
What disadvantage is associated with solar power technology?
What disadvantage is associated with solar power technology?
What is a notable consequence of coal usage?
What is a notable consequence of coal usage?
Which aspect of biomass energy can involve harmful byproducts?
Which aspect of biomass energy can involve harmful byproducts?
What is a challenge associated with solar power usage?
What is a challenge associated with solar power usage?
Which of the following energy sources is renewable?
Which of the following energy sources is renewable?
What is a common disadvantage of using fossil fuels like oil and coal?
What is a common disadvantage of using fossil fuels like oil and coal?
What is one major benefit of mining in terms of energy resources?
What is one major benefit of mining in terms of energy resources?
How does mining contribute to the development of social amenities?
How does mining contribute to the development of social amenities?
What negative environmental impact can result from mining activities?
What negative environmental impact can result from mining activities?
In what way does mining spur economic growth?
In what way does mining spur economic growth?
Which of the following is a technological advancement in the mining sector?
Which of the following is a technological advancement in the mining sector?
What does proper management in mining aim to protect?
What does proper management in mining aim to protect?
Which consequence can result from improper mining practices?
Which consequence can result from improper mining practices?
How can mining negatively affect aquatic life?
How can mining negatively affect aquatic life?
What is one major environmental impact of mining activities mentioned?
What is one major environmental impact of mining activities mentioned?
Which practice can help minimize the environmental effects of tailings from mining?
Which practice can help minimize the environmental effects of tailings from mining?
What does the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 primarily aim to achieve?
What does the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 primarily aim to achieve?
How does mining activity impact local economies?
How does mining activity impact local economies?
What is one of the aims of Executive Order 79, Series of 2012?
What is one of the aims of Executive Order 79, Series of 2012?
What aspect of mining is highlighted as needing careful planning?
What aspect of mining is highlighted as needing careful planning?
Which of the following practices does NOT contribute to environmental protection in mining?
Which of the following practices does NOT contribute to environmental protection in mining?
What is a benefit of modern technology in mining mentioned in the content?
What is a benefit of modern technology in mining mentioned in the content?
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Study Notes
Drilling and Modelling
- Drilling determines the ore’s size, shape, and grade distribution for suitable mining methods.
- Modelling incorporates social and environmental considerations, aiming to restore the area to its original state post-mining.
Mine Design and Construction
- Appropriate mine and operational designs are created before acquiring necessary permits for construction.
- Ore extraction involves the separation of high-grade ores, followed by crushing and concentration, resulting in waste material.
Milling and Mine Site Decommissioning
- Milling processes release waste materials, necessitating proper management to mitigate environmental impacts.
- Decommissioning includes cleanup and reclamation of depleted mine sites for alternate uses.
Physical Properties of Minerals
- Minerals consist of one or more chemical elements with specific compositions and crystal structures.
- Key physical properties include:
- Color: Depends on atomic arrangement and light reflection.
- Streak: Color of the mineral in powdered form.
- Luster: Describes the mineral's opacity and transparency.
- Specific Gravity: Ratio of mineral weight to equivalent water weight; notable examples include copper (8.9) and gold (19).
- Hardness: Resistance to scratches or abrasions affects by chemical composition and crystalline structure.
Energy Sources and Environmental Impact
-
Non-Renewable Sources:
- Oil: 38% of global consumption in 2000; major pollutant.
- Natural Gas: 20% of consumption; cleaner than oil and coal.
- Coal: Key for electricity but produces significant pollutants.
-
Renewable Sources:
- Biomass: Low energy potential; emissions when burned.
- Hydro-electric: Low cost but high startup; risks to lands and communities.
- Solar Power: High initial cost; clean but relies on geographic and climatic conditions.
Environmental Risks from Mining
- Heavy metal wastes can poison soil, causing toxicity in plant growth.
- Water sources may become contaminated, impacting local ecosystems.
- Examples of negative impacts in the Philippines include damage to mangroves and impaired agriculture.
Mitigation Strategies in Mining
- Technological advancements enhance mineral extraction, reducing waste.
- Mining operations should plan from exploration to rehabilitation.
- Rehabilitation efforts must restore displaced communities.
- Secure tailings to minimize environmental seepage.
- Implement practices like reforestation and erosion control.
Regulations
- Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942): Establishes rules for mining operations while promoting environmental protection.
- Executive Order (EO) 79 (2012): Strengthens mining regulations on environmental protection and waste management.
Benefits of Mining
- Job creation and attraction of professionals boost local economies.
- Increases business activity and per capita income, raising the Human Development Index.
- Provides essential energy resources like oil and minerals.
- Infrastructure development occurs through improved transportation opportunities.
- Technological advancements improve mining safety and environmental management.
Negative Consequences of Mining
- Water pollution from chemicals contaminates groundwater and waterways.
- Deforestation occurs as lands are cleared for mining operations, contributing to climate change.
- Improper mining practices can lead to natural disasters such as landslides.
- Contaminated water adversely affects aquatic life, impacting biodiversity.
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