Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two types of vitamin D precursors?
What are the two types of vitamin D precursors?
- Pyridoxine and Ascorbic acid
- Eicosapentaenoic acid and Docosahexaenoic acid
- Retinol and Thiamine
- Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) (correct)
Which vitamin acts like a hormone or pro-hormone?
Which vitamin acts like a hormone or pro-hormone?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin D (correct)
What is the function of Vitamin E with respect to fatty acids?
What is the function of Vitamin E with respect to fatty acids?
- Increases the breakdown of saturated fatty acids
- Prevents lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (correct)
- Promotes oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Enhances the synthesis of cholesterol
Which condition is associated with a deficiency of Vitamin D in adults?
Which condition is associated with a deficiency of Vitamin D in adults?
What are the compounds included in the group of Vitamin E compounds?
What are the compounds included in the group of Vitamin E compounds?
How is Vitamin D synthesized in the body?
How is Vitamin D synthesized in the body?
Which mineral is most likely to be deficient in individuals with low growth and physical development?
Which mineral is most likely to be deficient in individuals with low growth and physical development?
Which trace element plays a role in chelating amino acids and is essential for protein synthesis?
Which trace element plays a role in chelating amino acids and is essential for protein synthesis?
Which mineral is primarily responsible for the development of a goiter?
Which mineral is primarily responsible for the development of a goiter?
Which trace element is deficient in individuals with a genetic disorder called Acrodermatitis enteropathica?
Which trace element is deficient in individuals with a genetic disorder called Acrodermatitis enteropathica?
Which mineral is primarily absorbed by an ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump in the body?
Which mineral is primarily absorbed by an ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump in the body?
Which trace element is involved in the production of metallothionein, a protein responsible for metal ion homeostasis?
Which trace element is involved in the production of metallothionein, a protein responsible for metal ion homeostasis?
Which of the following groups of B vitamins are involved in hematopoietic (blood cell) functions?
Which of the following groups of B vitamins are involved in hematopoietic (blood cell) functions?
Which of the following is NOT a B vitamin?
Which of the following is NOT a B vitamin?
Which of the following is a risk factor for Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB)?
Which of the following is a risk factor for Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB)?
Which of the following genes is associated with Vitamin K Clotting Factor Deficiencies (VKCFD)?
Which of the following genes is associated with Vitamin K Clotting Factor Deficiencies (VKCFD)?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for low vitamin K?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for low vitamin K?
Which of the following is a B vitamin that plays a role in energy-releasing metabolism?
Which of the following is a B vitamin that plays a role in energy-releasing metabolism?
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Study Notes
Iron Deficiency
- Most at risk: pregnant women and infants
- Effects: anemia, fatigue, weakness, pale skin
- Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide
Iodine Deficiency
- Effects: goiter, hypothyroidism, low growth and physical development
- Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and brain development
Zinc Deficiency
- Effects: growth retardation, impaired wound healing, weakened immune system
- Zinc is an essential mineral that acts as a cofactor for many enzymes
Copper Deficiency
- Effects: impaired connective tissue formation, anemia, weakened immune system
- Copper is essential for the production of hemoglobin and connective tissue
Calcium Metabolism
- Calcium is essential for bone health and muscle function
- Regulated by vitamin D, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone
- Absorption of calcium requires vitamin D and a receptor-mediated process
Vitamin K Deficiency
- Effects: bleeding disorders, particularly in newborns
- Risk factors: breastfeeding, malabsorption syndromes, and certain medications
- Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone health
Vitamin B Complex
- Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3) are essential for energy production
- Folic acid (B9), Cobalamin (B12) are essential for hematopoiesis
- Pyridoxine (B6) is essential for various bodily functions
Vitamin D Metabolism
- Precursors: Provitamin-D (Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol)
- Synthesized in skin when exposed to sunlight
- Acts like a hormone, regulating calcium levels and bone health
- Deficiency leads to rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis
Vitamin E Functions
- Antioxidant properties, protecting cells from oxidative damage
- Essential for protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from lipid peroxidation
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