12 Questions
What is the classification used for minerals that the body requires in large quantities?
Major Minerals
Which mineral is classified as a trace mineral?
Iodine
What is the clinical significance of a sodium level of 150 mmol/L?
Hypernatremia
Which mineral's low level condition is termed hypomagnesemia?
Magnesium
Which one of these minerals is NOT required in amounts greater than 100 mg/day?
Zinc
Which of the following is the correct normal range for calcium levels in the body?
9.0-11.0 mg/dL
What is the most critical dietary function of potassium?
Nerve transmission
Which condition results from a low level of phosphorus in the body?
Hypophosphatemia
What is the normal level range for magnesium in the blood?
1.8-2.2 mg/dL
Which mineral's high level condition is known as hypernatremia?
Sodium
Which of the following is a trace mineral required in quantities less than 100 mg/day?
Iodine
What condition is associated with high levels of chloride in the blood?
Hyperchloremia
Study Notes
Classification of Minerals
- Minerals are essential for normal growth and maintenance of the body, and have a well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure.
- There are two types of minerals: major minerals (macro minerals) and trace minerals (micro minerals).
- Major minerals are required by the body in large quantities (> 100 mg/day).
- Trace minerals are required by the body in small quantities (< 100 mg/day).
Examples of Minerals
- Major minerals: Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, and Sulfur.
- Trace minerals: Iron, Iodine, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Molybdenum, Selenium, and Fluoride.
Clinical Significance of Minerals
- Normal levels of minerals in the body: Calcium (9.0-11.0 mg/dL), Magnesium (1.8-2.2 mg/dL), Phosphorus (3.0-4.0 mg/dL), Sodium (136-145 mmol/L), Potassium (3.5-5.0 mmol/L), and Chloride (96-106 mmol/L).
- Abnormal levels of minerals can lead to various health problems:
- Hypocalcemia (low Calcium level), Hypercalcemia (high Calcium level)
- Hypomagnesemia (low Magnesium level), Hypermagnesemia (high Magnesium level)
- Hypophosphatemia (low Phosphorus level), Hyperphosphatemia (high Phosphorus level)
- Hyponatremia (low Sodium level), Hypernatremia (high Sodium level)
- Hypokalemia (low Potassium level), Hyperkalemia (high Potassium level)
- Hypochloremia (low Chloride level), Hyperchloremia (high Chloride level)
Learn about the essential minerals required for normal growth and maintenance of the body, including major and trace minerals.
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