Mineral Resources Quiz 2023

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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of mineral resources?

They are non-renewable and non-displaceable. (correct)

They are fully renewable.

They can be easily displaced.

They can be owned by private entities.

How are unreserved minerals categorized?

Based on their reserved status.

Exclusive to specific mining companies.

As part of the land and not state-owned. (correct)

Based on their economic value only.

What does the term 'balance' refer to in the context of reserved deposits?

Minerals stored in abandoned mines.

Resources extracted from free deposits.

Reserves that can be used currently under specific conditions. (correct)

Reserves that are currently unusable.

Which group is NOT included in the five groups of mineral resources according to WORLD MINING DATA 2023?

Biominerals Signup and view all the answers

What defines the economic usability of off-balance reserves?

Their usability is expected to improve due to advancements. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a mineral resource within the energetical category?

Coal Signup and view all the answers

Which raw material can be categorized as a secondary raw material?

Recycled aluminum Signup and view all the answers

What is an aggregate of minerals from which metals can be profitably recovered referred to as?

Ore Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral resource is categorized as non-ore?

Barite Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported geology reserve of mineral raw materials in Slovakia as of 2020?

17,184 million tons Signup and view all the answers

At what depth can classical mining methods generally operate?

1.8-2 km Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is categorized under building materials?

Slate Signup and view all the answers

What is the total mining output in Slovakia for the year 2020?

26.5 million tons Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy consumption when excessive crushing occurs?

Energy consumption increases. Signup and view all the answers

According to Rittinger's law, what is the relationship between energy required for size reduction and surface area?

Energy is directly proportional to surface area. Signup and view all the answers

What does Bond's law relate to in the comminution process?

Surface-to-volume ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of iron in its pure state?

Alloy in steel production Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of excessive grinding in the comminution process?

Increased wear of crushers and mills. Signup and view all the answers

Which property is characteristic of iron?

High melting point Signup and view all the answers

Kick's law states that the energy required is dependent on what factor?

Original size of the material. Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral has the highest iron content?

Hematite Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is suggested to minimize unnecessary crushing?

Introducing sorters with the same size openings as the crusher's bottom opening. Signup and view all the answers

What does practical comminution require in addition to theoretical comminution work?

Additional energy to account for losses. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of iron content does Goethite have?

62.9% Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of increased dustiness during a dry crushing method?

Potential health risks and inefficiencies. Signup and view all the answers

Which country had the highest iron ore mining in 2019?

China Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of all iron ores mentioned?

Include oxides and hydrated oxides Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as an intermediate product in the ore dressing process?

The concentrate that is slightly enriched after the first operation Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Limonite?

Fe2O3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a dump in mining operations?

To deposit solid mining waste on the earth's surface Signup and view all the answers

What type of raw materials is used in Nižná Slaná, Slovakia?

Siderite Signup and view all the answers

What does the term yield refer to in the processing of minerals?

The obtained product from the processing machine Signup and view all the answers

In the ore dressing processes, what is considered a control operation from the waste's point of view?

The enrichment operation Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves mechanically separating the utility component from the waste component?

Crushing and grinding Signup and view all the answers

Which method of processing uses water to aid in the separation of materials?

Flotation Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the input material to the finishing machine in mineral processing?

Charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of crushing and grinding in the ore dressing process?

To reduce material size for further separation Signup and view all the answers

What does the mass yield of concentrate (γc) represent?

The proportion of the amount of concentrate to the amount of starting ore. Signup and view all the answers

Which equation correctly expresses the relationship of mass yields?

γc + γt = 100% Signup and view all the answers

How can recoveries be calculated in practice?

From balance equations. Signup and view all the answers

What does metallicity (β) refer to in this context?

The ratio of metal content to the total content in the mineral. Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of using metal yield to concentrate (ε) as an indicator?

It does not express the purity of the concentrate. Signup and view all the answers

What is βmax?

The maximum metallicity of a pure useful mineral. Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation γc β + γt θ = 100 α represent?

The balance of metal content in concentrates and waste. Signup and view all the answers

How is technical efficiency of separation evaluated?

Through the purity of the concentrate produced. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fundamentals of Mineral Dressing

This course covers the fundamentals of mineral dressing, specifically waste treatment and recycling.
The lecturer is Assoc. Prof. Dusan Orac, PhD.
The study program is Waste treatment and Recycling.

Minerals Processing

Ore is crushed and sorted as the INPUT.
Processes include crushing, sorting, grinding, gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation, a chemical substance, and decanting.
The OUTPUT is a concentrate and decanting plant.

Lecture 1 Content

Course meaning, goals, and content
Conditions for course completion
Basic ore dressing terms
Raw material resources and critical raw materials in the EU
Iron ores: overview, properties, composition, and processing

Lecture 1 Learning Outcomes

Explain ore dressing processes and individual operations.
Define terms like nerast, mineral, ore, batch, yield, and sieve analysis
Calculate technical indicators (e.g., mass/waste yield, process efficiency)
Recommend a primary raw material dressing process outline (in a block diagram)
Practically test ore dressing processes (crushing, grinding, sieve analysis, dewatering, flotation, and magnetic separation) using assigned project tasks

Lecture 1 Evaluation

Mid-term evaluation (30 points)
Credit examination (20 points)
Semestral project (10 points)
Final evaluation (exam) (70 points)
Overall maximum score: 100 points, minimum passing score: 51 points

Outline of Lectures

Meaning, goals, conditions for completing the course
Basic terms in ore dressing, material resources, critical raw materials in EU
Iron ores: overview, properties, composition, and processing
Heavy and light non-ferrous ores, precious metal ores, and fire-resistance materials General Information on Ore Dressing
Basic division of ore dressing procedures, technological indicators of ore dressing
Diminution, principles of diminution, crushing (division and characteristics of crushers),
Grinding (division and characteristics of grinders),
Separation (principles of recycling, mechanical separation),
Devices, types, and usage (sieve analysis, hydraulic separation)
Separation in heavy liquids (separation on jiggs, usage, separation on water tables)
Magnetic and electric separation (devices, types, usage),
Flotation (theory, principles, additives, schemes),
Auxiliary ore dressing processes,
Excursions

Raw Materials/Material Resources

Mineral raw materials are parts of the earth's crust (elements, compounds, minerals, and rocks)
Mineral resources are categorized by source into iron and ferro-alloy metals, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, industrial minerals, and mineral fuels.
Specific types include energetical (coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium), ores (iron, gold, copper), and non-ore (baryte, dolomite and magnetite).
Mineral deposits are natural concentrations of minerals used in industry. These can be mines, dumps, or decanting plants.
Reserves are classified as balance (currently usable) or off-balance (potentially usable in the future).

Primary Raw Materials/Material Resources:

Primary raw materials form deposits of reserved minerals,
Natural rock structures and underground spaces, for example, petroleum, gas, or salt storage.
Mineral resources are owned by the state.
Mineral resources are non-renewable.

Reserved and Unreserved Minerals

Reserved minerals are the state's mineral wealth.
Unreserved minerals are part of land, for example, gravel-sand, stone, and brick raw materials.

Reserves of Reserved Deposit - Classification

Reserves that can be currently used according to current technical, technological, and economic conditions (e.g., balance).
Reserves that can be used in the future, taking current conditions into account (e.g., off-balance).

Additional Material

Types and properties of iron ores
World supplies and top producers of iron ore (2019 data)
Top 10 iron ore mining centers (2014).
Non-traditional resources of raw materials.
Ores of non-ferrous metals (heavy/light), noble and precious metals, materials for refractory materials.
Industrial classification of metals: iron-iron alloys, non-ferrous metals
Technical division of metals: iron-iron alloys, heavi non-ferrous metals, light non-ferrous metals, precious metals, and rare metals.
Properties of iron- color, hardness, reactivity, mechanical properties, density, and melting point;
- Use in pure state and as an alloy,
Properties of copper- color, hardness, reactivity, mechanical properties, density, and melting point,
Use in alloys and pure form (electrical engineering, engineering, construction, etc)
Properties of nickel- color, hardness, and reactivity,
Use in alloys ( anti-corrosion, surface treatment, heat-resistant steels, electrical resistance).
Properties of cobalt- color, hardness, and reactivity.
Use in alloys (alloys, magnetization enhancement, anti-corrosion, etc.)
Properties of lead- color, hardness, reactivity, density, melting point, and use.
Properties of zinc- color, hardness, reactivity, density, melting point, and use.
Properties of manganese- color, hardness, reactivity, and use in alloys.
Properties of antimony- color, hardness, and reactivity.
Properties of tin- color, hardness, and use in alloys (alloy, food tins, tinfoil).
Properties of mercury- color, density, and use.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics, categorization, and usability of mineral resources as outlined in WORLD MINING DATA 2023. This quiz covers various aspects of mineral resources, including reserved deposits, economic usability, and classifications of different minerals. Dive into the world of geology and mining with this challenging quiz!