Mineral Resources of Madhya Pradesh
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Questions and Answers

Which mineral is primarily used in fertilizer manufacturing?

  • Rock Phosphate (correct)
  • Limestone
  • Iron Ore
  • Copper

    • Which rock type is found in the sedimentary rocks of the Gondwana order?

  • Iron Ore
  • Coal (correct)
  • Copper
  • Limestone

    • What is the main component of limestone found in Madhya Pradesh?

  • Magnesium
  • Calcium Carbonate (correct)
  • Iron Oxide
  • Silica

    • Which area is the largest coal area in Madhya Pradesh?

    <p>Sohagpur Area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river does not originate from the Vindhyachal hills?

    <p>Saraswati River (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of coal has the highest carbon content?

    <p>Anthracite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which district is known for the Asia's largest open-mouth copper mine?

    <p>Balaghat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary export destination for iron ore from Madhya Pradesh?

    <p>Germany (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Betwa River?

    <p>Vindhya Range, MP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of soil occupies the majority of Madhya Pradesh's land area?

    <p>Black soil (Regur soil) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which district is home to the highest peak of the Satpura Range?

    <p>Pachmarhi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major deficiency of black soil?

    <p>Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river does the Betwa River join?

    <p>Yamuna (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Madhya Pradesh's land area is covered by ordinary black soil?

    <p>37% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average height range of the Satpura Range?

    <p>600–1000 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following minerals is NOT mentioned as found in the Satpura Range?

    <p>Silver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Limestone

    A type of rock found in the Vindhyan Sill Group, primarily composed of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) and containing 40-50% lime content.

    Anthracite

    A type of coal with a carbon content of 80-95%, considered the highest quality coal.

    Sohagpur Coal Field

    The largest coal field in Madhya Pradesh, located in the Shahdol district.

    Malanjkhand Copper Mine

    The largest open-mouth copper mine in Asia, located in Malanjkhand, Behad tehsil, Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh.

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    Mahi River

    A west-flowing river originating in the Vindhyachal hills in Madhya Pradesh, flowing through Rajasthan and Gujarat, and draining into the Arabian Sea.

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    Iron Ore

    Found in Dharwar rocks, this mineral is extracted in various districts of Madhya Pradesh and exported to places like Germany and Japan.

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    Ken River

    A river flowing through Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, known for its location in the Bundelkhand area.

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    Sonar River

    A rain-fed river flowing through the Sagar and Damoh districts in Madhya Pradesh.

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    Betwa River

    A major river in Madhya Pradesh, originating in the Vindhya Range, flowing northeast through Orchha and joining the Yamuna River.

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    Black Soil (Regur Soil)

    A type of soil found in Madhya Pradesh, formed from the weathering of volcanic basaltic rocks, known for its dark color and high water-holding capacity.

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    Satpura Range

    A mountain range located between the Narmada and Tapti rivers, known for its diverse geology and varied vegetation.

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    Dhupgarh Peak

    The highest peak in the Satpura Range, located in Madhya Pradesh.

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    Vindhyachal Range

    An ancient mountain range in Madhya Pradesh, forming the northern boundary of the Narmada-Son Valley, known for its diverse geological formations and historical significance.

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    Black Soil (Western Satpura)

    A type of soil found in the western parts of the Satpura Range, known for its dark color and fertility.

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    Red-Yellow Soil (Eastern Satpura)

    A type of soil prevalent in the eastern parts of the Satpura Range, known for its reddish-yellow hue and varying fertility.

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    Betwa River Tributary

    A major river in Madhya Pradesh, known for its length and its flow from south to north, joining the Ken River in Panna district.

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    Study Notes

    Mineral Resources of Madhya Pradesh

    • Copper:

      • Found in igneous (metamorphic) Dharwar rocks.
      • Key districts include Malanjkhand (Balaghat), Salimabad (Jabalpur), etc.
      • Madhya Pradesh is India's leading copper producer.
      • A significant copper ore layer (170m long, 20m wide) is in Malanjkhand, Behad tehsil.
      • Malanjkhand is Asia's largest open-pit copper mine.

    • Rock Phosphate:

      • Predominantly used in fertilizer production.
      • Key districts include Jhabua, Sagar, Khargone, Chhatarpur, etc.

    • Limestone:

      • Found in sedimentary Vindhyan Sill Group rocks.
      • Key districts include Murwara, Kaimur, Gwalior, Panna, Jabalpur, Dhar, Dewas, Damoh, Morena, Neemuch, and others.
      • Contains 40-50% lime content.
      • Composed primarily of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃).
      • Dolomite is a magnesium-rich limestone.
      • Cement factories near Banmore (Morena) and Kaimur (Katni) have boosted production.

    • Coal:

      • Found in Gondwana sedimentary rocks.
      • Also known as "Black Diamond."
      • Sohagpur Coal Field (Shahdol district) is the largest coal field in Madhya Pradesh.
      • Singrauli Coal Field has a 136-meter-thick coal layer.
      • Coal areas are categorized as the Central India Coal Area and Satpura Coal Area.
        • Central India Coal Area includes Umaria (smallest), Korar (Mandla), Johila River, and Sohagpur (largest).
        • Satpura Coal Area includes Mohapani (Narsinghpur-Chhindwara), Shahpur Tawa (Narmadapuram-Betul), and Kanhan and Pench Valley.
      • Coal types include lignite (40-55% carbon), bituminous (60-80% carbon), anthracite (80-95% carbon), and peat coal.

    • Iron Ore:

      • Found in Dharwar rocks.
      • Key districts include Jabalpur, Vijayraghavgarh, Balaghat, Mandla, Vidisha, Ujjain, Jhabua, Dhar, etc.
      • Iron ore from Madhya Pradesh is exported to countries like Germany and Japan.

    Rivers of Madhya Pradesh

    • Mahi River:

      • One of five west-flowing rivers in India (Mahi, Tapti, Sabarmati, Luni, Narmada).
      • Originates in Vindhyachal hills, Dhar district.
      • Flows through Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Gujarat, emptying into the Arabian Sea.
      • Tributaries: Som, Anas, Panam.

    • Ken River:

      • Flows through Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh (Bundelkhand).

    • Sonar River:

      • Rain-fed river in Madhya Pradesh (Sagar and Damoh districts).
      • Tributary of the Ken River (over 250 km long).
      • Flows from Sagar south to northwest, joining the Ken in Panna.

    • Betwa River:

      • 590 km long.
      • Flows through Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
      • Originates in the Vindhya Range, flows northeast, joining the Yamuna east of Hamirpur.

    Soils of Madhya Pradesh

    • Black Soil (Regur Soil):
      • Formed from weathering of volcanic basaltic rocks (Deccan Traps).
      • Occupies 47.5% of Madhya Pradesh's land area.
      • Found in the Malwa Plateau, Narmada-Son Valley, and Satpura-Maikal Ranges.
      • Characteristics: black color, high iron and lime content, high in calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, and potassium, lacking nitrogen, humus, and phosphorus, basic nature (pH 7.5-8.5).
      • Suitable for cotton, wheat, and soybean cultivation due to high water-holding capacity.
      • Classified into Deep Black Soil (3.5% of area), Ordinary Black Soil (37% of area), and Shallow Black Soil (7.1% of area), based on depth and location.

    Satpura and Vindhya Ranges

    • Satpura Range:

      • Located between the Narmada and Tapti rivers.
      • Divided into Eastern (Maikal Range), Central (Mahadev Range), and Western (Rajpipla Range) divisions.
      • Highest point: Dhupgarh Peak (1350 m, Pachmarhi).
      • Covers 34,000 sq km (11.02% of Madhya Pradesh).
      • Major districts include Balaghat, Seoni, Chhindwara, Pandhurna, Betul, Khandwa, Burhanpur, Barwani, Narmadapuram (parts).
      • Geology includes Deccan Trap (west), Archaean rocks (central), and Dharwad rocks (east).
      • Vegetation includes teak, sal, bamboo, tendu leaves.
      • Climate: Summer (40–45°C), Winter (10–12°C), Rainfall (55 cm west to 150 cm east).
      • Soils include black soil (west) and red-yellow soil (east).
      • Crops include jowar, cotton, sugarcane, soybean, paddy, tubers.
      • Minerals include limestone, copper, manganese, iron, bauxite, tin.
      • Rivers include Tapti, Bainganga, Wardha.

    • Vindhyachal Range:

      • Ancient mountain range, part of Central Highlands.
      • Forms the northern boundary of Narmada-Son Valley, extending into Bihar.
      • Divided into Vindhya Range, Bhander Range (Panna, Chhatarpur, Datia), and Kaimur Range (Jabalpur to Rohtas, Bihar).

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    Description

    Explore the diverse mineral resources of Madhya Pradesh, focusing on key minerals such as copper, rock phosphate, limestone, and coal. Learn about their geographical distribution, significance in industries, and the state's contribution to India's mineral production.

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