Turquoise, Malachite, Azurite
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of top-quality turquoise?

  • High calcite content
  • Presence of a spiderweb matrix
  • Vitreous luster
  • Absence of matrix (correct)

    • What is the typical luster of Lapis Lazuli?

  • Resinous
  • Earthy
  • Vitreous (correct)
  • Metallic

    • What is the primary market for high-quality turquoise jewelry?

  • American Southwest (correct)
  • Asia
  • South America
  • Europe

    • What is the term for the shade finest Lapis Lazuli that is medium to dark in tone and highly saturated?

    <p>Violetish blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the trade grade of Lapis Lazuli that is characterized by its intense, uniform, medium-dark, slightly violetish blue color?

    <p>Afghan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical toughness of Lapis Lazuli?

    <p>Fair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of matrix that can be found in turquoise?

    <p>Spiderweb matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical color range of Lapis Lazuli?

    <p>Violetish blue to greenish blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an inclusion of Lapis Lazuli that might be present in some specimens?

    <p>Pyrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of jewelry is Lapis Lazuli often used in?

    <p>Cutting-edge designer jewelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Chilean Lapis Lazuli ?

    <p>Tinged or spotted with green, with obvious calcite matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gemstone is known for its 'swirling surf' appearance?

    <p>Azurite-malachite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Turquoise gemstone?

    <p>Semitranslucent to opaque, waxy luster, and even distribution of color is preferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Sugilite gemstone?

    <p>Rich red-purple to bluish purple hue, semitransparent to opaque with a waxy to vitreous luster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gemstone is known for its 'fools gold' appearance?

    <p>Pyrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Rhodochrosite gemstone?

    <p>Fine quality transparent pink to dark red that resembles ruby's color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gemstone is known for its 'black diamond' appearance?

    <p>Hematite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Azurite gemstone?

    <p>Dark blue to violetish blue, usually semitranslucent to opaque with a vitreous to waxy luster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Charoite gemstone?

    <p>Luscious violet color that forms the background for swirls, veins, and patches of black, gray, white, and brownish orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Fluorite gemstone?

    <p>Comes in many colors, but 'Blue John' is most popular with bluish violet to purple curved or angular bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the grading system for lapis lazuli in Afghanistan?

    <p>Nili, Asmani, Sabzi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones is often found along with copper deposits?

    <p>Malachite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ceramic process used to imitate lapis lazuli?

    <p>Gilson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6.5?

    <p>Hematite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the trade name used to describe pyrite in the trade?

    <p>Marcasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones are natural imitations of turquoise?

    <p>All the Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the famous Sleeping Beauty mine located?

    <p>Globe, Arizona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the blue gemstone that is only found in Russia?

    <p>Charoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones is often imitated using glass and plastic?

    <p>Turquoise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the blue gemstone that is often described as 'robin's-egg blue'?

    <p>Turquoise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones is occasionally flecked with spots of bright red, pink, or orange?

    <p>Sodalite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical composition of Turquoise?

    <p>Hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones is known for its 'spider web' matrix?

    <p>Turquoise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of color change in Turquoise?

    <p>The gem's degree of porosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dyeing Lapis Lazuli?

    <p>To improve its color and conceal calcite inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for Turquoise that has been polymer- impregnated with colorless wax or dyed wax?

    <p>Stabilized Turquoise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones is often carved into game boards, bowls, and dagger handles?

    <p>Lapis Lazuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Lapis Lazuli and Sodalite?

    <p>Their color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gemstones is typically NOT seen in cabochons and beads, as well as carvings?

    <p>Onyx Marble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the province in Afghanistan where high-quality Lapis Lazuli is mined?

    <p>Badakhshan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gemstones and Minerals

    • Lapis Lazuli:
      • Semitranslucent to opaque, waxy to vitreous luster
      • Finest color is violetish blue, medium to dark in tone, and highly saturated with no visible calcite
      • May contain flecks of gold-colored pyrite
      • Trade grades are based on color, with Afghan being intense and uniform, and Russian being various tones and intensities of blue
    • Turquoise:
      • Semitranslucent to opaque, waxy luster
      • American and Mexican turquoise is light blue to greenish blue, while Egyptian turquoise is greenish blue to yellowish green
      • Even distribution of color is preferred
    • Malachite:
      • Vivid bluish green to green hue, silky to vitreous luster
      • Distinctive banding
    • Azurite:
      • Dark blue to violetish blue, semitranslucent to opaque, vitreous to waxy luster
    • Azurite-Malachite:
      • Blend of the two gems, with bands of oceanic blue and green, giving a swirling surf effect
    • Fluorite:
      • Comes in many colors, but "Blue John" is most popular, with bluish violet to purple curved or angular bands on a reddish to colorless background
    • Sugilite:
      • Rich red-purple to bluish purple hue, semitransparent to opaque, waxy to vitreous luster
    • Charoite:
      • Luscious violet color, forming the background for swirls, veins, and patches of black, gray, white, and brownish orange
    • Onyx Marble:
      • Fairly subdued, with bands of grays and whites
    • Rhodochrosite:
      • Fine quality transparent pink to dark red, resembling ruby's color
      • Translucent and opaque aggregate specimens are plentiful, with soft-edged bands of white, gray, brown, or yellow
    • Rhodonite:
      • Rosy hue, warm orange-pink to brownish or purplish red, with black veins or patches
      • Rarely transparent, generally opaque
    • Hematite:
      • Opaque dark gray to black gem, sometimes called "black diamond"
    • Pyrite:
      • Opaque material with a metallic brassy yellow appearance, often mistaken as fallen meteorite or "fool's gold"
    • Unakite:
      • Granite aggregate consisting of quartz, pink feldspar, and green epidote, with a pink and green color scheme

    Largest Consumers

    • Lapis Lazuli: used in commercial jewelry and cutting-edge designer jewelry
    • Turquoise: top-quality turquoise with no matrix commands the highest prices, with the largest and most consistent market in the American Southwest

    Color/Hue Range/Value

    • Lapis Lazuli: semitranslucent to opaque, with a waxy to vitreous luster, and a range of colors from violetish blue to deep violet blue to royal blue
    • Turquoise: light blue to greenish blue to yellowish green, with Egyptian turquoise being more greenish blue to yellowish green

    Variety/Species/Group

    • Fluorite: variety "Blue John"
    • Onyx Marble: a variety of calcite

    Chemical Composition

    • Lapis Lazuli: aggregate of lazurite, calcite, and pyrite
    • Turquoise: hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate
    • Malachite: trace elements of copper
    • Azurite: trace elements of copper
    • Sugilite: trace elements of manganese
    • Rhodochrosite: trace element is manganese

    Forming Source

    • Lapis Lazuli: frequently contains whitish calcite matrix, with flecks or veins of glinting yellow pyrite
    • Turquoise: limonite or sandstone, with Limonite matrix creating dark brown markings in turquoise

    Common Cuts

    • Lapis Lazuli: cabochons, beads, inlays, and tablets
    • Turquoise: cabochon, round or oblong beads, small flat piece inlays
    • Malachite: inlays and carvings, and also in bead necklaces and other jewelry
    • Sugilite: typically seen in cabochons and beads as well as carvings
    • Charoite: most often made into cabochons, beads, and carvings
    • Onyx Marble: bookends and other carvings
    • Rhodobite: carved or cabochon
    • Hematite: often cut into beads, cameos, intaglios, and cabochons
    • Sodalite: cabochons and beads, as well as into slabs used for inlays in boxes, clock cases, and other items

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    Stone Info_ Lapi Lazuli, Turquoise & More PDF

    Description

    Identify minerals based on their characteristics, such as color, luster, and composition. This quiz covers pyrite, calcite, turquoise, malachite, and azurite.

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