Mineral Classes and Characteristics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Calcite (CaCO3) is in which mineral class?

  • Silicates
  • Oxides
  • Carbonates (correct)
  • Sulfides
  • Pyrite (FeS2) is in which mineral class?

  • Sulfides (correct)
  • Silicates
  • Phosphates
  • Carbonates
  • The mineral class that makes up more than 95% of rocks in the continental crust is termed?

    silicates

    Which layer of Earth does NOT contain silicate minerals?

    <p>outer core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is a mineral-lined cavity in a rock.

    <p>geode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minerals that grow around volcanic vents MOST likely form by?

    <p>precipitation from a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The color of a mineral in powdered form is termed?

    <p>streak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cleavage in minerals refers to?

    <p>a tendency to break along planes of weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetically made glass and natural quartz crystals both exhibit a fracture pattern termed?

    <p>conchoidal fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With regard to minerals, hardness refers to the ability to resist?

    <p>being scratched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geologists refer to an exposure of bedrock on the surface as a(n)?

    <p>outcrop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diamonds are found in?

    <p>kimberlite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A facet is a __________ on a gem.

    <p>polished surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock forms by the solidification of a melt?

    <p>igneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock forms when preexisting rocks undergo changes in response to a modification of their environment, without first melting?

    <p>metamorphic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The difference between magma and lava is that __________.

    <p>magma is found beneath the surface, whereas lava is found at the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of magma has the greatest silica content?

    <p>felsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viscosity controls how __________.

    <p>fast a fluid flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mantle is composed entirely of __________.

    <p>ultramafic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In general, if a body of igneous (source) rock is subjected to partial melting, the magma that is produced is expected to be __________.

    <p>more felsic than the source rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An irregular-shaped and bloblike igneous rock body that cooled beneath the surface of Earth is a __________.

    <p>pluton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sill is a(n) __________.

    <p>tabular intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A batholith is a(n) __________.

    <p>large compound igneous intrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magma tends to __________.

    <p>move upward, away from where it formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Columnar jointing forms primarily because of?

    <p>contraction and cracking of rock during the cooling process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extremely high __________ within Earth prevents rock from melting.

    <p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All other factors being equal (i.e., depth, volume, temperature, etc.), which type of igneous intrusion would cool fastest?

    <p>dike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ash, and larger fragments of pumice are all examples of?

    <p>pyroclastic debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Felsic igneous rocks typically?

    <p>are lighter in color than mafic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bubbles trapped in lava after the molten material are cooled are called?

    <p>vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared with coarse-grained igneous rocks, fine-grained igneous rocks?

    <p>cool and solidify more quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Granite, a coarse-grained, felsic intrusive igneous rock is most similar in mineral composition to __________, which is a fine-grained, felsic extrusive equivalent.

    <p>rhyolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the outer core the only layer in Earth that is molten?

    <p>The temperature is high enough but pressure low enough to melt iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared with mafic igneous rocks, all felsic igneous rocks?

    <p>solidify at lower temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Volcanic arcs form along __________ boundaries.

    <p>convergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano forms from layers of mafic lava erupted in primarily effusive eruptions?

    <p>shield volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    __________ form from piles of pyroclastic debris (mainly lapilli) that fountain out of a vent during an effusive eruption.

    <p>cinder cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mineral Classes

    • Calcite (CaCO3) belongs to the Carbonates class.
    • Pyrite (FeS2) is categorized under Sulfides.
    • The mineral class constituting over 95% of rocks in the continental crust is known as silicates.
    • The outer core does not contain silicate minerals.

    Mineral Characteristics

    • A geode is a mineral-lined cavity formed in a rock.
    • Volcanic vent minerals predominantly form through precipitation from gas.
    • The streak of a mineral refers to its color in powdered form.
    • Cleavage describes a mineral's tendency to break along planes of weakness.
    • Conchoidal fracture is exhibited by both synthetically made glass and natural quartz crystals.
    • Hardness assesses a mineral's ability to resist scratching.

    Geological Features

    • Exposure of bedrock at the surface is termed an outcrop.
    • Diamonds are found in kimberlite formations.
    • A facet is a polished surface on a gem.

    Rock Types and Formation

    • Igneous rocks form from the solidification of molten material.
    • Metamorphic rocks arise from changes in preexisting rocks without melting.
    • Magma is located beneath the surface, whereas lava is above it.
    • Felsic magma contains the highest silica content.

    Viscosity and Rock Composition

    • Viscosity determines the speed at which a fluid flows.
    • The mantle consists entirely of ultramafic rock.
    • Partial melting of igneous rock produces magma that is typically more felsic than the original rock.

    Types of Igneous Intrusions

    • A pluton is an irregular, blob-shaped igneous rock body found beneath Earth's surface.
    • A sill is a tabular intrusion that runs parallel to surrounding sedimentary rock layers.
    • A batholith is a large, compound igneous intrusion.
    • Magma tends to move upward, away from its formation location.

    Cooling Processes and Textures

    • Columnar jointing results from contraction and cracking during the cooling of rock.
    • High pressure within Earth prevents rock melting.
    • Among igneous intrusions, dikes cool fastest under equal conditions.
    • Pyroclastic debris includes ash and larger fragments of pumice.

    Rock Color and Texture

    • Felsic igneous rocks are generally lighter in color than mafic rocks.
    • Vesicles are bubbles trapped in lava after cooling.
    • Compared to coarse-grained igneous rocks, fine-grained igneous rocks cool and solidify more quickly.
    • Granite, a coarse-grained felsic intrusive rock, is similar in mineral composition to rhyolite, a fine-grained felsic extrusive rock.

    Earth's Layers and Volcanism

    • The outer core is uniquely molten due to high temperatures and relatively low pressure sufficient to melt iron.
    • All felsic igneous rocks solidify at lower temperatures than mafic rocks.
    • Volcanic arcs are located along convergent boundaries.
    • Shield volcanoes form from layers of mafic lava through primarily effusive eruptions.
    • Cinder cones are formed from piles of pyroclastic debris, mainly lapilli, erupted during effusive events.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on mineral classes, characteristics, and geological features in this quiz. From the properties of calcite and pyrite to the definitions of geodes and cleavage, this quiz covers essential concepts in geology. Challenge yourself with various questions about rocks and minerals!

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