Questions and Answers
What is the effective settling volume if settler A is reduced by 40%, settler B by 25%, and settler C by 10%?
Which factor is NOT typically considered when locating a sump?
What is the main factor that determines the load on a dam constructed in the shape of a circular arc?
How is the horizontal thrust on an arch bridge primarily affected?
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Which term is NOT included in the energy equation between two points in a fluid system?
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What assumption does not apply to the Bernoulli relationship?
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Which method is used to determine the diameter of a displacement rock cavity for settling particles?
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What is the estimated discharge at point B if water is pumped from level A to level B?
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Study Notes
Conical Settler Volume Calculation
- Volume of a conical settler can be derived using the formula: ( V = \frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 h ), where ( r ) is the radius and ( h ) is the height of the cone.
- Effective settling volume is influenced by the reduced volumes of connected settlers:
- Settler A reduced by 40%
- Settler B reduced by 25%
- Settler C reduced by 10%
Displacement Rock Cavity Size
- Size of the displacement rock cavity depends on the flow of mine water at a rate of 200 m³/hr.
- For settling 50µ particles and water with specific gravity of 0.8, calculate volume using Stokes' law for settling particles.
- With 90% efficiency, use the equation relating the volume flow rate to the cavity dimensions to determine diameter of the circular cavity.
Sump Location Factors
- Consideration of surrounding geology and hydrology to prevent flooding.
- Accessibility for maintenance and emergency evacuations.
- Location relative to the site of water collection and transportation needs.
Masonry Dam Load Analysis
- The load on a masonry dam is determined using hydrostatic pressure formula: ( P = \gamma h ), where ( \gamma ) is specific weight of water (approximately 9.81 kN/m³).
- For an arc of a circle with radius 30m subtending an angle of 60°, calculate load in N/m length at different heights.
- The position of the line of action can be found by determining the center of pressure, leveraging geometric relationships within the arc.
Bridge Arch Calculations
- The upward force on the underside of a semi-circular arch can be analyzed using hydrostatic pressure: ( F = \gamma V ).
- For bridge arch width of 4m and 1.25m water above crest, compute the vertical forces acting on the structure.
- Analyze horizontal thrust using principles of equilibrium and geometry specific to arches.
Fluid Flow and Energy Equation
- Energy equation between two points in a frictionless pipe includes terms for potential energy (height), pressure energy, and kinetic energy: ( \frac{P_1}{\gamma} + z_1 + \frac{v_1^2}{2g} = \frac{P_2}{\gamma} + z_2 + \frac{v_2^2}{2g} ).
- Assumptions of Bernoulli's equation include:
- Steady flow
- Incompressible fluid
- No friction losses
- Use given parameters to calculate discharge at B and the energy loss due to friction between points A and B, considering height differences and pressure heads.
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Description
This quiz focuses on calculating the volume of conical settlers and determining the effective settling volume when varying sizes are connected in series. Additionally, it covers the calculation of the required size of a displacement rock cavity for settling fine particles in mine water. Test your knowledge on settling processes and engineering principles.
