Mindanao-Sulu Crises Overview

Moro National Liberation Front, a secular Moro group.

Moro Islamic Liberation Front, a breakaway from MNLF emphasizing Islamic orientation.

Founder and chairman of MILF; focused on Islamic orientation.

Leader of the MNLF.

Hashim Salamat's document outlining reasons for forming MILF.

Focus on non-religious or worldly viewpoints/ideals.

Emphasis on Islamic principles and values.

This is what the MILF was originally known as.

He studied at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, earning a secondary schooling in Arabic, a degree in basic Islamic studies, a master's degree in philosophy, and completed units for a doctoral degree in Islamic studies.

The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) was formed by Salamat Hashim, Nur Misuari, and other Moros in 1968 after the Jabidah Massacre. They aimed to liberate the Bangsamoros from what they perceived as oppression by the Philippine government.

A violent event that prompted the formation of the MNLF to resist Philippine government actions perceived as oppressive towards the Moro people.

A significant agreement (1976) between the Philippine government and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), which Salamat was involved with.

After the Tripoli Agreement, Salamat Hashim left the MNLF and formed the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).

His doctoral dissertation on the rise of Islam in Southeast Asia was burned by Philippine military in 1973.

Shortly after President Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972, Salamat resided in Libya, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, before eventually resuming his role in the MNLF and later in MILF.

Salamat Hashim passed away in 2003 at the age of 61.

A peace agreement that partially resolved armed conflict in Mindanao between the Philippine government and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF).

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) sought to establish an independent Islamic state in Mindanao, a demand the Philippine government refused.

The MNLF relinquished its right to self-determination (RSD) in the 1996 peace agreement, which the MILF viewed as a reason to negotiate.

The 1996 Agreement mandated that the Philippine government's interpretation of the agreement would be followed in case of conflict, which the MILF acknowledged.

The peace negotiations between the Philippine government and the MILF were divided into two phases: the Domestic Stage (1997-2000) and the International Stage (2001-2012).

The first phase of the peace process, which emphasized internal negotiations between the Philippine government and the MILF (1997-2000).

The second phase of the peace process, which involved international actors in the negotiations (2001-2012).

The agreement's implementation is in two phases, addressing establishment of a special zone and a new autonomous government.

Covers 1996-1999; establishing a Special Zone for Peace and Development (SZOPAD), and uniting MNLF with AFP and PNP.

Focuses on amending/repealing the Organic Act and establishing a new autonomous region (after a plebiscite).

A designated area in the Southern Philippines (provinces and cities) aiming to address peace and development issues.

An administrative body, under the President's supervision, overseeing peace efforts; no law-making powers.

An autonomous region in the Philippines with existing self-governing structure that could face restructuring under the peace agreement.

A public vote to determine the establishment of new boundaries for an autonomous region and determine whether to proceed with the structural changes.

Changing the primary law for the autonomous region to create the foundation for the new autonomous government.

Another name for the Domestic Stage of the GRP-MILF peace negotiations, emphasizing the absence of international involvement.

The declaration of war by the MILF against the Philippine government in response to the suspension of peace negotiation in 2000.

A group of countries formed during the International Stage of the GRP-MILF negotiations to help maintain trust and confidence between both parties.

The Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain, a key document negotiated during the International Stage of the GRP-MILF peace talks, addressing land rights for the Bangsamoro people.

A team established to oversee and monitor the ceasefire agreement between the GRP and MILF during the International Stage of negotiations.

A temporary group formed to resolve specific issues or crises during the International Stage of the GRP-MILF peace talks.

It aimed to address the issue of ancestral domain, land rights, and autonomy for the Bangsamoro people, seeking to resolve decades of conflict.

Several objections arose, including concerns from local officials and attacks by renegade MILF elements, ultimately leading to a decision not to sign the agreement.

A preliminary peace agreement signed in 2012, it lays the groundwork for creating an autonomous political entity for the Bangsamoro people.

This body was formed to draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law, which is basically the constitution for the future Bangsamoro government.

A territorial conflict between Malaysia and the Philippines over the eastern portion of Sabah.