Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of Chlamydia infection?
Which symptom is associated with Gonorrhea?
What is the primary initial symptom of Syphilis?
What type of symptoms do Herpes Simplex infections typically produce?
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Which of the following is not caused by a sexually transmitted disease?
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What is a common complication associated with untreated Chlamydia?
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Which sexually transmitted infection can cause both genital warts and cervical cancer?
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What is a hallmark symptom of Herpes Simplex Type 2 infection?
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What is a potential complication of untreated syphilis in the tertiary stage?
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What is the primary method of transmission for HSV-1 and HSV-2?
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What symptom is commonly associated with the primary stage of syphilis?
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Which of the following infections can cause epididymitis as a complication?
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What is a common feature of a recurrent outbreak of herpes?
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What serious condition can occur due to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)?
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What is a major risk associated with genital herpes?
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Which protozoan parasite is responsible for trichomoniasis?
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What is the primary cause of congenital malformations in infants born to mothers infected with syphilis?
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Which characteristic is primarily associated with Chlamydia infection in newborns?
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What potential outcome is associated with untreated gonorrhea during pregnancy?
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How does HIV affect infants born to mothers with the virus?
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What is a common symptom in mothers infected with HIV?
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What is a possible severe complication of untreated syphilis in pregnancy?
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Which of the following conditions results from a bacterial infection and can lead to serious complications when transmitted to infants?
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Which infection is associated with the possibility of infants being born blind?
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What is the primary cause of Chlamydia?
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Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with Gonorrhea in men?
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What complicating condition can untreated Chlamydia lead to in women?
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How is Condyloma Acuminatum primarily spread?
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What are the common signs and symptoms of Chlamydia in women?
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Which type of HPV primarily causes genital warts?
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Which complication is associated with untreated Gonorrhea in men?
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Which symptom is less common in men infected with Chlamydia?
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What is the primary function of insulin in the human body?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating male reproductive functions?
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What is the main characteristic symptom of Trigeminal Neuralgia?
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What pathological change occurs in Bell’s Palsy?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of Alzheimer’s Disease?
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) primarily affects which type of neurons?
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What type of disorder is Cerebral Palsy considered to be?
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What is a distinguishing symptom of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
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Study Notes
Complications of STDs
- PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) can result from untreated STDs in women, leading to infertility and chronic pelvic pain.
- In men, STDs can cause epididymitis, also resulting in infertility.
- Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI) can occur, causing arthritis, tenosynovitis, and dermatitis.
Syphilis
- Caused by Treponema pallidum, progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages.
- Transmission occurs via direct contact with a syphilis sore during sex.
- Primary Stage: Features a painless sore (chancre) that resolves spontaneously.
- Secondary Stage: Symptoms include skin rashes, mucous membrane lesions, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.
- Latent Stage: No symptoms, but the bacteria persist in the body.
- Tertiary Stage: Severe complications affecting the heart, brain, and other organs if untreated.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes (cold sores), while HSV-2 usually results in genital herpes.
- Transmission occurs through contact with sores or secretions during sex.
- Symptoms include painful blisters or ulcers, often accompanied by fever and body aches during initial outbreaks. Recurrent outbreaks tend to be milder.
- Increases the risk of HIV transmission and can cause severe neonatal herpes.
Trichomoniasis
- Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite.
- Spread primarily through vaginal sex.
Chlamydia
- Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, one of the most common STDs affecting both genders.
- Transmitted through vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
- Symptoms in women include abnormal discharge, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and intermenstrual bleeding.
- Symptoms in men may involve penile discharge, painful urination, and testicular pain or swelling.
- Untreated chlamydia can lead to PID in women and epididymitis in men, both of which may result in infertility.
Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Warts)
- Caused by HPV types 6 and 11, characterized by flesh-colored or gray swellings in the genital area.
- Can resemble cauliflower shape and may cause itching or discomfort with possible bleeding during intercourse.
- While generally benign, some high-risk HPV strains are linked to cervical, anal, and throat cancers.
Gonorrhea
- Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can infect genitals, rectum, and throat.
- Symptoms in women include increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, pelvic pain, and irregular bleeding.
- In men, symptoms often consist of purulent discharge, dysuria, and testicular discomfort.
Breast Cancer
- Malignant tumor arising from breast tissue.
- Signs include a palpable lump, changes in shape, dimpling skin, and discharge from the nipple.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Infection of the female reproductive organs leading to symptoms like lower abdominal pain, fever, and abnormal vaginal discharge.
Cervicitis
- Inflammation of the cervix presenting with purulent discharge and intermenstrual/postcoital bleeding.
Cervical Cancer
- Malignant tumor of the cervix, characterized by abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and unusual discharge.
Endometriosis
- Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus causing pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility.
Endometrial Carcinoma
- Cancer of the endometrium with signs of postmenopausal bleeding and pelvic pain.
Fibroid Tumor (Uterine Leiomyoma)
- Benign tumors of the myometrium presenting with abnormal bleeding, bladder pressure symptoms, and infertility.
Ovarian Cancer
- Malignant tumor of the ovary manifesting as abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and early satiety.
Congenital Disorders from STIs
- HIV: Transmitted from mother to fetus, leading to potential AIDS development.
- Syphilis: Can cause malformations, including blindness in newborns, after maternal infection.
- Chlamydia: May result in pneumonia and eye inflammation in infants born to infected mothers.
- Gonorrhea: Risk of eye infections in newborns leading to possible blindness.
Hormonal Functions
- Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake.
- Estrogen & Progesterone: Regulate female reproductive cycles and sustain pregnancy.
- Testosterone: Influences male reproductive function and features.
Nervous System Conditions
- Trigeminal Neuralgia: Severe, sharp pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution due to nerve compression.
- Bell’s Palsy: Temporary facial paralysis caused by inflammation affecting the facial nerve.
- Alzheimer’s Disease: Progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and personality changes.
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Degenerative disease affecting motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.
- Cerebral Palsy: Impaired motor function from brain damage during/perinatal periods, resulting in muscle spasms and coordination issues.
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Description
This quiz explores Milroy's disease, a hereditary lymphedema caused by lymphatic system malformation, and the impact of HIV on congenital disorders. Learn about the pathophysiology, signs, and symptoms associated with these conditions. Enhance your understanding of how congenital disorders develop in infants.