Milroy's Disease and HIV Congenital Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of Chlamydia infection?

It always presents with severe abdominal pain.

It is often asymptomatic. (correct)

It leads to high fever in most cases.

It causes significant weight gain.

Which symptom is associated with Gonorrhea?

Severe headaches

Chronic fatigue

Pelvic pain and discharge (correct)

Fever with rash

What is the primary initial symptom of Syphilis?

Itchy rash

Heavy menstrual bleeding

Painless sore (chancre) (correct)

Severe abdominal cramping

What type of symptoms do Herpes Simplex infections typically produce?

Painful blisters and ulcers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not caused by a sexually transmitted disease?

Endometriosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with untreated Chlamydia?

Pelvic inflammatory disease Signup and view all the answers

Which sexually transmitted infection can cause both genital warts and cervical cancer?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark symptom of Herpes Simplex Type 2 infection?

Painful blisters Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of untreated syphilis in the tertiary stage?

Severe medical problems affecting the heart and brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for HSV-1 and HSV-2?

Direct contact with sores Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with the primary stage of syphilis?

Painless sore (chancre) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections can cause epididymitis as a complication?

Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of a recurrent outbreak of herpes?

Blisters or ulcers emerge at the infection site Signup and view all the answers

What serious condition can occur due to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)?

Arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk associated with genital herpes?

Higher likelihood of acquiring and transmitting HIV Signup and view all the answers

Which protozoan parasite is responsible for trichomoniasis?

Trichomonas vaginalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of congenital malformations in infants born to mothers infected with syphilis?

Infection through the placenta Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is primarily associated with Chlamydia infection in newborns?

Pneumonia and eye inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What potential outcome is associated with untreated gonorrhea during pregnancy?

Development of an eye infection that can lead to blindness Signup and view all the answers

How does HIV affect infants born to mothers with the virus?

It may result in severe immunodeficiency from birth Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom in mothers infected with HIV?

Night sweats and fever Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible severe complication of untreated syphilis in pregnancy?

Large skin and organ lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions results from a bacterial infection and can lead to serious complications when transmitted to infants?

Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

Which infection is associated with the possibility of infants being born blind?

Gonorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Chlamydia?

Chlamydia trachomatis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with Gonorrhea in men?

White, yellow, or green discharge from the penis Signup and view all the answers

What complicating condition can untreated Chlamydia lead to in women?

Ectopic pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

How is Condyloma Acuminatum primarily spread?

Skin-to-skin contact Signup and view all the answers

What are the common signs and symptoms of Chlamydia in women?

Increase in vaginal discharge and burning sensation during urination Signup and view all the answers

Which type of HPV primarily causes genital warts?

Type 6 and 11 Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is associated with untreated Gonorrhea in men?

Epididymitis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is less common in men infected with Chlamydia?

Lower abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the human body?

Facilitates cellular uptake of glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating male reproductive functions?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic symptom of Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Deep, sharp, stabbing pain Signup and view all the answers

What pathological change occurs in Bell’s Palsy?

Inflammation of Cranial Nerve VII Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of Alzheimer’s Disease?

Memory loss Signup and view all the answers

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) primarily affects which type of neurons?

Motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What type of disorder is Cerebral Palsy considered to be?

Nonprogressive and developmental Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing symptom of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

Muscle spasms and cramps Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Complications of STDs

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) can result from untreated STDs in women, leading to infertility and chronic pelvic pain.
In men, STDs can cause epididymitis, also resulting in infertility.
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI) can occur, causing arthritis, tenosynovitis, and dermatitis.

Syphilis

Caused by Treponema pallidum, progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages.
Transmission occurs via direct contact with a syphilis sore during sex.
Primary Stage: Features a painless sore (chancre) that resolves spontaneously.
Secondary Stage: Symptoms include skin rashes, mucous membrane lesions, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.
Latent Stage: No symptoms, but the bacteria persist in the body.
Tertiary Stage: Severe complications affecting the heart, brain, and other organs if untreated.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes (cold sores), while HSV-2 usually results in genital herpes.
Transmission occurs through contact with sores or secretions during sex.
Symptoms include painful blisters or ulcers, often accompanied by fever and body aches during initial outbreaks. Recurrent outbreaks tend to be milder.
Increases the risk of HIV transmission and can cause severe neonatal herpes.

Trichomoniasis

Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan parasite.
Spread primarily through vaginal sex.

Chlamydia

Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, one of the most common STDs affecting both genders.
Transmitted through vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Symptoms in women include abnormal discharge, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and intermenstrual bleeding.
Symptoms in men may involve penile discharge, painful urination, and testicular pain or swelling.
Untreated chlamydia can lead to PID in women and epididymitis in men, both of which may result in infertility.

Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Warts)

Caused by HPV types 6 and 11, characterized by flesh-colored or gray swellings in the genital area.
Can resemble cauliflower shape and may cause itching or discomfort with possible bleeding during intercourse.
While generally benign, some high-risk HPV strains are linked to cervical, anal, and throat cancers.

Gonorrhea

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can infect genitals, rectum, and throat.
Symptoms in women include increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, pelvic pain, and irregular bleeding.
In men, symptoms often consist of purulent discharge, dysuria, and testicular discomfort.

Breast Cancer

Malignant tumor arising from breast tissue.
Signs include a palpable lump, changes in shape, dimpling skin, and discharge from the nipple.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Infection of the female reproductive organs leading to symptoms like lower abdominal pain, fever, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

Cervicitis

Inflammation of the cervix presenting with purulent discharge and intermenstrual/postcoital bleeding.

Cervical Cancer

Malignant tumor of the cervix, characterized by abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and unusual discharge.

Endometriosis

Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus causing pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility.

Endometrial Carcinoma

Cancer of the endometrium with signs of postmenopausal bleeding and pelvic pain.

Fibroid Tumor (Uterine Leiomyoma)

Benign tumors of the myometrium presenting with abnormal bleeding, bladder pressure symptoms, and infertility.

Ovarian Cancer

Malignant tumor of the ovary manifesting as abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and early satiety.

Congenital Disorders from STIs

HIV: Transmitted from mother to fetus, leading to potential AIDS development.
Syphilis: Can cause malformations, including blindness in newborns, after maternal infection.
Chlamydia: May result in pneumonia and eye inflammation in infants born to infected mothers.
Gonorrhea: Risk of eye infections in newborns leading to possible blindness.

Hormonal Functions

Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake.
Estrogen & Progesterone: Regulate female reproductive cycles and sustain pregnancy.
Testosterone: Influences male reproductive function and features.

Nervous System Conditions

Trigeminal Neuralgia: Severe, sharp pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution due to nerve compression.
Bell’s Palsy: Temporary facial paralysis caused by inflammation affecting the facial nerve.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and personality changes.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Degenerative disease affecting motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.
Cerebral Palsy: Impaired motor function from brain damage during/perinatal periods, resulting in muscle spasms and coordination issues.

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Description

This quiz explores Milroy's disease, a hereditary lymphedema caused by lymphatic system malformation, and the impact of HIV on congenital disorders. Learn about the pathophysiology, signs, and symptoms associated with these conditions. Enhance your understanding of how congenital disorders develop in infants.