Milky Way Formation and Observations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which study investigates the formation of Milky Way-mass disc galaxies within the first 500 million years of the cold dark matter universe?

Feng, Y. et al. (2015) (correct)

Papovich, C. et al. (2015)

Iza, F.G., Nuza, S.E. & Scannapieco, C. (2023)

Pillepich, A. et al. (2024)

Which study investigated the evolution of M* galaxy progenitors from z = 3 to 0.5?

Rivera-Thorsen, T.E. et al. (2017)

Mowla, L. et al. (2022)

Fujimoto, S. et al. (2024)

Papovich, C. et al. (2015) (correct)

Which study uses the TNG50 simulation to create Milky Way and Andromeda analogues?

Fujimoto, S. et al. (2024)

Mowla, L. et al. (2022)

Nepal, S. et al. (2024)

Pillepich, A. et al. (2024) (correct)

Which study focuses on the temporal evolution of gas accretion onto the disks of simulated Milky Way-mass galaxies?

Iza, F.G., Nuza, S.E. & Scannapieco, C. (2023) Signup and view all the answers

Which study identifies the local counterpart of disc galaxies at z > 4, potentially representing the oldest thin disc of the Milky Way?

Nepal, S. et al. (2024) Signup and view all the answers

Which study describes a primordial rotating disk composed of dense star-forming clumps at cosmic dawn?

Fujimoto, S. et al. (2024) Signup and view all the answers

Which study utilizes the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to capture evolved high-redshift globular cluster candidates, known as "The Sparkler"?

Mowla, L. et al. (2022) Signup and view all the answers

Which study observes direct Lyman α escape in the brightest known lensed galaxy, known as "The Sunburst Arc"?

Rivera-Thorsen, T.E. et al. (2017) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these observations is NOT primarily associated with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Detection of bound star clusters in a lensed galaxy 460 Myr after the Big Bang. Signup and view all the answers

According to studies, what relationship does the ALMaQUEST survey show between star formation and another factor?

A strong but non-linear relationship with dynamical equilibrium pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of research regarding metallicity calibrations for JWST spectra with insights from line emission in cosmological simulations?

High-redshift metallicity calibrations for JWST spectra. Signup and view all the answers

What does the TIGRESS-NCR simulation suite explore in relation to star formation?

Metallicity dependence of pressure-regulated feedback-modulated star formation. Signup and view all the answers

What do studies using JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of z=7–9 star-forming galaxies offer insights into?

Bright Lyα emitters in ionized bubbles. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage range of the total stellar mass is estimated to be concentrated in star clusters?

49–57% Signup and view all the answers

According to the research relating to stellar populations at z=9-11, what are they showing the growth of?

Metals and stellar mass at early times. Signup and view all the answers

What relationship did the study by Ellison et al. find in the ALMaQUEST survey?

A strong but non-linear relationship between star formation and dynamical equilibrium pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size indicated by the scale bars in the study?

1 kiloparsec Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of star clusters is explored by the study of Brown and Gnedin?

The radii of young star clusters in nearby galaxies. Signup and view all the answers

Based on reference 8, at what redshift (z) was a galaxy likely lensed by the cluster A2218?

z ~ 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of the research detailed in reference 12?

Star formation in clump populations at small scales. Signup and view all the answers

According to reference 29, what type of structures are noted to exist at z=4 in the Hubble Frontier Field A2744?

Lensed, gravitationally bound protoglobular clusters Signup and view all the answers

Reference 11 explores the Balmer/4000Å breaks of distant galaxies. What does this help to determine?

The age and star formation history of galaxies Signup and view all the answers

Reference 30 focuses on nitrogen enrichment and clustered star formation. Where does the text suggest that this occurred?

At the dawn of the Galaxy Signup and view all the answers

Based on reference 33, what was discovered at redshifts greater than 4?

The presence of thin stellar disks in Milky Way-sized galaxies Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of the Universe's current age was it when the most distant galaxies detected were observed?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate mass difference between progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies and their present-day counterparts when observed at redshift zspec = 8.296?

10,000 times less massive Signup and view all the answers

Which telescope was instrumental in observing the lensed galaxy, 'Firefly Sparkle'?

James Webb Space Telescope Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate redshift (zspec) observed for the 'Firefly Sparkle' galaxy?

zspec = 8.296 0.001 Signup and view all the answers

In what kind of structure are the star clusters of the 'Firefly Sparkle' galaxy embedded?

A diffuse arc Signup and view all the answers

What is the notable characteristic of the 'Firefly Sparkle' galaxy in its early formation stage?

It's a young, gas-rich galaxy Signup and view all the answers

Within the 'Firefly Sparkle' galaxy, what percentage of the total mass is contained within the star clusters?

49-57% Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical mass range of the individual star clusters within 'Firefly Sparkle'?

$10^5M_{\odot}$ to $10^6M_{\odot}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for not finding significant detection of [Oii]λ3727 in previous JWST and SDSS observations?

The emission line is too weak to be detected with current instruments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence that there is no significant dust attenuation in slit 1?

The Hγ/Hβ and Hδ/Hβ ratios are consistent with theoretical predictions in case B recombination. Signup and view all the answers

In which spectral slit does a nebular continuum feature NOT appear?

Slit 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumed method for deriving the emission line fluxes in slit 2?

Fitting Gaussian profiles to the emission lines with a constant offset for the continuum. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following emission lines were detected in slit 2?

[Oiii]λλ4959,5007, Hβ, Hγ, Hδ, [Neiii]λ3869, [Oii]λ3727 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sharp drop-out at λobs ~ 1.2 μm in slit 2?

It is the Lyman break. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the spectral fitting in slit 1 and slit 2?

Slit 2 lacks a nebular continuum whereas slit 1 doesn't. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the research study discussed in the text?

To determine the physical properties of a galaxy using emission line ratios. Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for using the NIRCam F115W PSF to set an upper limit on the size of star clusters?

The size estimate for FF-4 is unreliable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the tangential eigenvalue of magnification used in the analysis?

14 to 24 Signup and view all the answers

What are the estimated upper limits of the sizes of unresolved star clusters?

4 pc to 7 pc Signup and view all the answers

What does the central star clusters' high magnification indicate about their upper limit sizes?

They have the smallest upper limits. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acknowledges support for research from different organizations?

The researchers received various forms of support from multiple organizations. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the size estimate for FF-4 not considered reliable?

The best-fit major axis size is smaller than the smallest PSF. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is considered to calculate the lower limit on stellar surface densities?

Upper limit on sizes and demagnified stellar masses. Signup and view all the answers

Who is acknowledged for discussions regarding the formation of star clusters?

N.Murray Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Formation of a Low-Mass Galaxy from Star Clusters in a 600-Million-Year-Old Universe

A low-mass galaxy, nicknamed "Firefly Sparkle," was observed at a redshift of z_spec = 8.296 ± 0.001.
This galaxy is lensed by the galaxy cluster MACSJ1423.8+2404 .
The galaxy shows massive star clusters embedded in a diffuse arc.
The star clusters account for 49-57% of the galaxy's total mass.
Individual cluster masses range from 10⁵ to 10⁸ solar masses.
High surface densities (>10³ M_☉ pc^-2) are observed, exceeding those of Milky Way globular clusters.
The central cluster exhibits a nebular-dominated spectrum, low metallicity, high gas density, and high electron temperatures.
This suggests a top-heavy initial mass function (IMF).
The presence of numerous star clusters in the early universe galaxy suggests a potential different formation pathway for galaxies.
The galaxy is 600 million years old, which is only a fraction of the current universe's age.
The galaxy is highly magnified, enabling the resolution of individual star clusters within its diffuse arc.
The observation provides a unique view of a typical early galaxy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on recent studies investigating the formation and evolution of Milky Way-mass disc galaxies. This quiz covers key findings regarding galaxy formation during the early universe, techniques utilized for observation, and significant discoveries made using advanced telescopes like the James Webb. Challenge yourself with questions about high-redshift galaxies and the cosmic dawn.