Military Science: Marlinspike Seamanship

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Questions and Answers

What is the art of handling and working with fiber and wire rope?

  • Knot Theory
  • Marlinspike Seamanship (correct)
  • Deck management
  • Wire weaving

In the Navy, what term is typically used for fiber rope?

  • Yarn
  • String
  • Line (correct)
  • Thread

What may lines used in the Navy be constructed of?

  • Three-strand
  • Braided
  • Plaited
  • All of the above (correct)

What should be done to prevent a line end from unraveling?

<p>Whip the end. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'small stuff' in marlinspike seamanship?

<p>Seizing and servings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested action for a natural fiber line exposed to the atmosphere for an extended period?

<p>Return to supply as uneconomical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a bowline knot?

<p>Creating a temporary eye. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a hitch from a knot?

<p>A hitch is tied around an object or another line. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a short splice typically used for when the enlargement of the diameter is not important?

<p>Making slings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of knots is specifically used to secure a line to a ring or spar?

<p>Class 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which knot is utilized to prevent the end of a line from unreeling through a block or eyebolt?

<p>Figure Eight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical use for a 'Reeving line bend'?

<p>Joining lines that must reeve around a capstan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a vessel uses a two-fluke balanced-fluke anchor, where is it typically housed?

<p>In the bottom of the ship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of painting metal surfaces aboard a ship?

<p>Protection against rust (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done before painting steel?

<p>Remove scale, grease, rust and moisture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ground tackle?

<p>Anchoring and mooring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is Navy anchor chain made of?

<p>Flash butt welded type chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a safety precaution to observe while painting?

<p>Ensuring the compartment is well-ventilated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In wire rope designation, what does '6 X 19' indicate?

<p>6 strands with 19 wires per strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical difference between a French Bowline and a Bowline on a bight?

<p>The French Bowline provides two adjustable loops. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements accurately describes the use of a Spanish bowline?

<p>It's a substitute for a boatswain's chair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are stock anchors (old-fashioned) no longer specified as part of Navy ship ground tackle?

<p>They are extremely cumbersome to stow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of powdered residue on a natural fiber line?

<p>Indicates internal wear. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial factor determines the effectiveness of paint in protecting a metal surface against rust?

<p>Proper application to a prepared surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A line that is 'right-laid' means what, in terms of its construction?

<p>The strands are twisted to the right (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a brush for painting, why is it important not to hold it by the stock?

<p>It may cause poisoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'clear hawse pendants' in the context of anchor chain and appendages?

<p>To prevent the anchor chain from twisting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid lubricating the line?

<p>It can cause the line to slip. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the applications of paint, what is the significance of 'laying off'?

<p>The final, lengthwise strokes for a smooth finish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aboard ships, 'running rigging' is best described as:

<p>Rigging used for hoisting and operating deck gear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aboard ship, what condition necessitates immediate consultation with a medical officer following painting operations?

<p>Skin contact with paint or varnish removers that causes a burning sensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of deck seamanship, what is the MOST critical reason for using clear hawse pendants with an anchor chain?

<p>They are essential for preventing the anchor chain from becoming twisted or tangled, which can prevent proper anchoring. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you have a line made of natural fiber that has been exposed to the atmosphere for 3 years. Also suppose white, powdery residue is noted when the line is flexed. How will you proceed?

<p>Consider the line dangerous, and return it to supply as uneconomical. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You must select the correct type of brush for a precision lettering job on a ship. Given the options, which brush type would provide the MOST accuracy and control?

<p>Lettering Brush (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Marlinespike Seamanship

The art of handling and working with fiber and wire rope, including knotting, splicing, and fancy work.

Rope

Material made of wire, fiber, or combinations, used for rigging and various tasks.

Line

Common term for fiber rope in the Navy.

Wire Rope

Rope made of wire.

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Construction of Line

Three-strand, braided, or plaited rope used in the Navy.

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Coiling Line

Right-laid line should be coiled right-handed (clockwise).

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Inspecting Fiber Line

Opening the lay and checking for internal wear; white residue indicates wear.

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Small Stuff

Small line with a circumference of 1 1/2 inches or less.

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Securing Ends

Used to prevent the end of a line from unlaying.

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Bowline

Basic knot with many uses, including making loops.

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Hitch

Securing a line to a hook, ring, or spar.

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Eye Splice

Joining lines by untwisting and tucking strands.

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Short Splice

Short spliced lines creating slight enlargement; often for slings.

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Class 1 Knots

Knots in the end of a line used for fastening upon itself.

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Class 2 Knots

Knots for binding two lines together.

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Class 3 Knots

Knots that secure a line to a ring or spar.

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Class 4 Knots

Knots to finish the end of a line and prevent unreeling.

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Wire Rope

The basic unit, made of steel or other metal.

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Standing Rigging

Consists of lines, wires, and gear supporting stacks and masts.

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Running Rigging

Rigging for hoisting, lowering, and operating deck gear.

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Ground Tackles

Equipment for anchoring and mooring with chain and appendages.

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Stockless Anchor

Anchor without a stock, commonly used today.

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Two-Fluke Balanced Anchor

Used on surface ships and submarines, replacing bower anchors.

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Stock Anchor

Once common, now largely abandoned due to size.

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Mushroom Anchor

Shaped like a mushroom, with a long stem.

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Navy Anchor Chain

Standard for new ship builds, replacing die-lock chain.

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Detachable Links

Used to connect chain links, with a lead plug and hairpin.

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Chain Swivels

Allows chain to rotate, preventing twists.

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Chain Stopper

Used to temporarily secure chain, with a pelican hook.

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Mooring Shackle

Connects chain to mooring, larger than standard shackles.

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Mooring Swivels

Allows mooring lines to swivel, reducing stress.

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Clear Hawse Pendants

Used to clear hawse and prevent chain twisting.

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Anchor Windlass

Handles and secures the anchor and chain.

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Deck Fittings

Devices attached to the hull to assist in handling the ship.

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Objective of Painting

To protect metal surfaces and decorate.

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Preparing Steel

Removing scale, grease, rust, and moisture is a necessity.

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Scraper

Used for removing rust on plating surfaces.

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Wire Brush

Used for welded areas for removing the painting surfaces.

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Care of Brushes

Boiled oil and paint thinner make them flexible.

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Ventilation

Thorough airflow to remove paint.

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Study Notes

Military Science 2 Chapter 3

  • Marlinspike
  • Knots, Bends, and Hitches
  • Deck Seamanship
  • Painting

Marlinspike Seamanship

  • Marlinspike Seamanship involves handling and working with fiber and wire rope, including knotting, splicing, serving, and fancy work
  • Lines are used for mooring, docking, rigging and painting
  • Wire Rope is typically used for supply replenishment and highline transfers

Rope

  • Rope is made from wire, fiber, or a combination of both materials
  • Fiber rope, also known as line, is made from natural or synthetic fibers
  • Sailors refer to fiber rope as line and wire rope as rope or wire
  • A line is a piece of rope, either fiber or synthetic, used for a specific purpose, like a lifeline, heaving line, or lead line

Construction of Line

  • Navy lines: three-strand, braided, or plaited construction
  • Three-strand line is made by twisting fibers into yarns, yarns into strands, and strands back into line
  • Lines are twisted into cable in the Navy
  • Line's lay is determined by direction strands are twisted
  • Lines twisted to the right are right-laid

Use and care of Line

  • Coil right-laid line right-handed or clockwise and that braided and plaited line should be flaked
  • Lines should be kept separate from stays, guys, and standing rigging
  • Surging lines around bitts, take off enough turns for smooth surge
  • Splice chafed/damaged lines, after cutting, do not cut a line without permission
  • Do not lubricate lines
  • Whip all line ends for care
  • Fiber line is subject to frequent inspection of the fibers and internal wear.
  • Lines dragged over sharp or rough objects will break outer layers and cause the inner layers to cut.
  • Atmospheric exposure will deteriorate lines, up to 30% in 2 years.
  • If you discover a supply of lines that are 3 years old, they should be returned noting its uneconomical state.

Small Stuff

  • Line with a circumference of 1 1/2 inches or less is considered small stuff or threads
  • Round line is three-strand, right-laid tarred hemp and it is used for seizing and servings where neatness is required.
  • Sail twine is small stuff laid up right-handed by machine and is used when a fancier job is desired like a marline
  • Cod line is a light, white line used decoratively and previously used in hammock clews for suspending a hammock.

Securing Ends

  • Never leave a line end dangling loosely without whipping to prevent unlaying. Fraying happens on its own
  • Use temporary plain whipping of rope as a preventative measure

Knots

  • Bowline knot is versatile and made for loops as they are required
  • Naval Seamen use knots to bend lines back to themselves forming secured eyes or knobs

Bending to a Hook, Ring, or Spar

  • Hitches can secure a line to a hook, ring, or spar
  • A hitch differs from a knot when tied to a ring, spar, stanchion, or another line but not tied back on itself to create an eye or bend two lines.

Eye Splice

  • Eye splice with manila or synthetic lines requires untwisting the line's strands anywhere from 4 inches to 2 feet
  • Then splice into the standing part by tucking unlaid strands from the end into the standing part

Short Splice

  • Short splices join lines when an enlarged diameter isn't critical as when constructing slings using short spliced lines

Four Classes of Knots

  • Class 1 Knots: Knots in the end lines, fastening a line upon itself or around an object -Overhand Knot -Bowline -Running bowline -Bowline on a bight -French Bowline -Spanish bowline -Sheepshank -Cats Paw -Figure Eight -Black Wall Hitch

  • Class 2 Knots: Knots for binding two lines together -Square or reef knot -Granny knot -Sheet or becket bend (single) -Sheet or becket bend (double) -Two bowlines -Carrick Bend -Reeving line bend

  • Class 3 Knots: Knots that secure a line to a ring or spar (hitches or bends) -Fisherman's Bend -Tolling hitch -Round Turn and Two Half Hitches -Clove or Ratline Hitch -Half hitch or two half hitch -Stopper hitch -Cats paw

  • Class 4 Knots: Knots used to give finished to the end of a line and to prevent unreeling or for ornamental purposes -Wall knot -Crown knot -Manrope -Mathew Walker

Wire Rope

  • Wire rope's fundamental component is a single wire made of steel or other metals in varying sizes twisted into strands.
  • Strands in a wire will vary based on the purpose of rope
  • Strands are laid to form the rope itself
  • The denomination of rope is designated based on stands numbers on the rope over the number of wires on the strand.
  • Diameter consistency is shared between 6 X 19 and 6 X 37 wiring
  • Wire rope is made out of annealed steal, traction steal, or improved plow steal that is treated with either plain or galvanized.

Deck Seamanship

  • Rigging is a significant part of deck seamanship, ship's standing rigging consisting of lines, wires, turnbuckles, and gear supporting the stacks, masts, and topside structure.
  • Running rigging uses rigging to hoist/lower heavy weights or position/operate movable deck gear.

Ground Tackles

  • Ground tackles consist of equipment used to moor and anchor, the list of tackle equipment is as follows: -Anchor chain, wire rope, synthetic line -Connecting/Detaching shackles/links -Pear-shaped links -End links -Bending shackles, mooring shackles, mooring swivels, detachable-link tool sets -Clear hawse pendants, dip ropes, chain stoppers, wrenches for chain stoppers, outboard swivel shots -Chain cable jacks, mooring hooks, chain hooks, and anchor bars

Types of Anchors

  • Types include: stockless lightweight or stock-incrown, and two-fluke balanced-fluke anchors
  • Stock anchors and mushroom anchors are no longer specified for Navy ships

Stockless Anchor

  • Three designs of stockless anchors are used on naval ships: commercial, standard Navy, and the Mark 2.

Lightweight Anchor

  • The Mk 2 LWT and wedge block LWT anchor are two types of lightweight anchors for Navy ships

Two-Fluke Balanced-Fluke Anchor

  • Two-fluke balanced-fluke anchors are found on newer submarines and surface vessels as they are normally housed at the bottom of the ship
  • Additionally its bower anchor is in place for its anti-interference with ships sonar dome.

Stock Anchor

  • Stock anchors have been abandoned by merchant and Navy ships for being difficult to stow.

Mushroom Anchor

  • Mushroom anchors resemble a mushroom with a long, narrow stem resembling a shank

Chain and Appendages

  • Navy anchor chain of the flash butt welded type is standard for new ship constructions
  • It replaces die-lock chain as required for back fit an made of several common links
  • Variety of equipment and fittings provide anchor chain maintenance

Chain and Appendages (cont.)

  • Detachable Links
  • Chain Swivels
  • Chain Stopper
  • Mooring Shackle
  • Mooring Swivels
  • Clear Hawse Pendants

Anchor Windlass

  • Windlasses are used to handle/secure the anchor, chain and for towing

Deck Fittings

  • Deck fittings are devices attached to the hull and assist in the handling and securing the ship.

Painting Navy ships to protect surfaces

  • Protects metal surfaces
  • Paints and varnishes decorate surfaces
  • Good paint is required to fight rust properly on metal surfaces

Preparing Surfaces for Painting

  • The most expensive paint is useless without an excellent foundation
  • Surfaces should be cleared, with no loose paint and fully prepared steel
  • Remove all scale, grease, rust and/or moisture to prevent covered rust
  • Steel treatments and coats very depending on steel plating

Tools for Removing Rust and Old Paint

  • Scraper
  • Wire Brush
  • Sand Paper
  • Chipping Hammer
  • Scaling Hammer (Jitterbug)
  • Rotary Power Brush
  • Power Sander
  • Rotary Chipping Tool
  • Blow Torch

Application of Paint for Brush

  • Handle brushes near the handle, keep hands clean of leads, or small cuts
  • Angle right to the surface starting the return stroke
  • Only partially fill brushes for the end bristles to contact the surface. Dont overcharge brushes on usage
  • Make long, parallel strokes with wood grain direction
  • For vertical surfaces layout vertically.
  • For overhead surfaces, ceiling panels should be laid off fore and aft and the beams athwartships and keep paint well-mixed
  • Thin coatings is best to obtain good results

Types of Paint Brushes and Uses

-Flat Paint Brush - large surface -Oval Sash and Trim Brush - small surface -Fitch Brush - small and small surfaces -Oval Varnish Brush - rough -Flat Varnish Brush - medium work -French Bristle Brush - high grade work -Lettering Brush -small surface & large work -Painter Duster- cleaning work

Care of Brushes

  • Before using, rinse brushes with paint thinner and soak in boiled oil for 48 hours to make them flexible/easy to clean, containerize short-term storage, or distortions may occur.

Care of Brushes After Use

-The bristles must not touch the bottom as they get distorted eventually. -Brushes must be cleaned to prepared for their next deployment -Hang Brushes to dry or wrapped in wax to use at a later time -Do not soak brushes as the bristles will eventually come apart

Proper Cleaners for Brushes with Different Finishes

-Oil-based paints and varnishes -Water-based paint -Shellac -Lacquer -Enamel paint =turpentine or mineral spirits. =water =alcohol =lacquer =paint thinner

Painting Safety precautions

  • Complete ventilation of the compartment to ensure immediate removal of vapors and paint dusts.
  • Wear clothing that fits smartly to prevent the user from dusts and particles.
  • Approved respirator for protection by covering skin with petroleum.
  • Smoking, open flames, welding, grounding of spray equipments, chipping, and other spark-producing operations are prohibited in the compartment to lower any chance of ignition.
  • Use explosion proof portable lights.
  • Bulbs must not be replaced until the ship is completely ventilated.
  • Approach old vented areas with caution.
  • Avoid direct contact of varnish as cuts can become harmed
  • Be wary in confined spaces
  • Use cold water for irritation, and consult the medical officer
  • Use hand soap on skin to avoid being poisoned by turpentine/spirits

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