Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the pronunciation for the call sign R23956?
What is the pronunciation for the call sign R23956?
- Navy two three nine five six
- Air Force two three nine five six
- National Guard two three nine five six
- Army two three niner five six (correct)
Which prefix corresponds to the U.S. Coast Guard?
Which prefix corresponds to the U.S. Coast Guard?
- G
- F
- E
- C (correct)
What is the significance of the suffix 'Z' when used with military training flights?
What is the significance of the suffix 'Z' when used with military training flights?
- Alerts controllers that special handling may be required (correct)
- Signifies a delay in the flight schedule
- Designates a civilian flight
- Indicates a flight number is invalid
Which military service is represented by the prefix 'M'?
Which military service is represented by the prefix 'M'?
Which call sign indicates a Canadian Armed Force aircraft?
Which call sign indicates a Canadian Armed Force aircraft?
What type of operation does the prefix 'E' denote?
What type of operation does the prefix 'E' denote?
Which prefix is assigned to the U.S. Army?
Which prefix is assigned to the U.S. Army?
What does the call sign VV1963 signify?
What does the call sign VV1963 signify?
What call sign is used when the president is aboard a civilian aircraft?
What call sign is used when the president is aboard a civilian aircraft?
Which suffix is added to the call sign when a family member of the president is on board without the president?
Which suffix is added to the call sign when a family member of the president is on board without the president?
When the vice president is aboard an aircraft, what prefix is used for the call sign?
When the vice president is aboard an aircraft, what prefix is used for the call sign?
What should a pilot be cleared to if the controller cannot issue clearance to the final destination?
What should a pilot be cleared to if the controller cannot issue clearance to the final destination?
Which phrase must precede a heading issued to a departing IFR aircraft?
Which phrase must precede a heading issued to a departing IFR aircraft?
What action must a pilot take when issued a 'turn right heading' directive?
What action must a pilot take when issued a 'turn right heading' directive?
What term is used for the type of route every departing IFR aircraft must be issued?
What term is used for the type of route every departing IFR aircraft must be issued?
If a pilot is assigned a 'fly heading' instruction, what is expected?
If a pilot is assigned a 'fly heading' instruction, what is expected?
What is the primary purpose of a "cruise" clearance for an IFR aircraft?
What is the primary purpose of a "cruise" clearance for an IFR aircraft?
When a pilot receives a "cruise" clearance to a destination airport with an operating ATC tower, what is the most likely reason for this?
When a pilot receives a "cruise" clearance to a destination airport with an operating ATC tower, what is the most likely reason for this?
If a pilot has been issued a "cruise" clearance and subsequently begins to descend, what is the requirement for returning to a previously vacated altitude?
If a pilot has been issued a "cruise" clearance and subsequently begins to descend, what is the requirement for returning to a previously vacated altitude?
What is the purpose of the "cross" (X) clearance instruction in air traffic control communications?
What is the purpose of the "cross" (X) clearance instruction in air traffic control communications?
When a controller issues a crossing restriction, what options does the pilot have regarding altitude change?
When a controller issues a crossing restriction, what options does the pilot have regarding altitude change?
What is the standard phraseology used by a controller to instruct a pilot to descend at their optimal rate?
What is the standard phraseology used by a controller to instruct a pilot to descend at their optimal rate?
Which of the following would NOT typically be a reason for a controller to issue a "cross" (X) clearance?
Which of the following would NOT typically be a reason for a controller to issue a "cross" (X) clearance?
When a new altitude is assigned to an aircraft, what is the pilot's responsibility regarding climb or descent?
When a new altitude is assigned to an aircraft, what is the pilot's responsibility regarding climb or descent?
What is the first step a controller should take when permitting an aircraft to leave the holding fix?
What is the first step a controller should take when permitting an aircraft to leave the holding fix?
If the route has not changed since entry into the holding pattern, what phrase may be used?
If the route has not changed since entry into the holding pattern, what phrase may be used?
What must pilots do after being cleared to leave the holding pattern?
What must pilots do after being cleared to leave the holding pattern?
In the example provided, what altitude was Jetstream nine alpha victor instructed to maintain?
In the example provided, what altitude was Jetstream nine alpha victor instructed to maintain?
What does the term 'acknowledge' signify when used by a controller?
What does the term 'acknowledge' signify when used by a controller?
When issuing a clearance, what is the correct sequence of communication?
When issuing a clearance, what is the correct sequence of communication?
In standard phraseology, how should a controller refer to an aircraft cleared to land?
In standard phraseology, how should a controller refer to an aircraft cleared to land?
What is the primary expectation of a pilot after being cleared to leave a holding pattern?
What is the primary expectation of a pilot after being cleared to leave a holding pattern?
What does the term 'maintain VFR' signify for pilots on an IFR flight plan?
What does the term 'maintain VFR' signify for pilots on an IFR flight plan?
Which scenario typically leads a pilot to request a VFR clearance while on an IFR flight plan?
Which scenario typically leads a pilot to request a VFR clearance while on an IFR flight plan?
What does the phrase 'VFR on top' allow a pilot to do?
What does the phrase 'VFR on top' allow a pilot to do?
What key responsibility does the pilot assume when given a VFR on top clearance?
What key responsibility does the pilot assume when given a VFR on top clearance?
When can air traffic controllers issue a 'maintain VFR' clearance?
When can air traffic controllers issue a 'maintain VFR' clearance?
What is one condition where an IFR clearance may remain in effect while intending to maintain VFR?
What is one condition where an IFR clearance may remain in effect while intending to maintain VFR?
How does a VFR clearance differ from an IFR clearance in terms of separation responsibilities?
How does a VFR clearance differ from an IFR clearance in terms of separation responsibilities?
What does FAR 91 state regarding VFR pilots flying IFR in controlled airspace?
What does FAR 91 state regarding VFR pilots flying IFR in controlled airspace?
Which of these phrases would be used by an air traffic controller to inform a pilot about a potential upcoming instruction, providing them a sense of anticipation and preparation in case of communication failure?
Which of these phrases would be used by an air traffic controller to inform a pilot about a potential upcoming instruction, providing them a sense of anticipation and preparation in case of communication failure?
When would an air traffic controller typically use the phrase 'say intentions'?
When would an air traffic controller typically use the phrase 'say intentions'?
What is the primary purpose of using standardized phrases and abbreviations in air traffic control communication?
What is the primary purpose of using standardized phrases and abbreviations in air traffic control communication?
What is the significance of the phrase 'affirmative' in the context of air traffic communications?
What is the significance of the phrase 'affirmative' in the context of air traffic communications?
Why would a pilot appreciate being given advance notice about potential future instructions through the use of the word 'expect'?
Why would a pilot appreciate being given advance notice about potential future instructions through the use of the word 'expect'?
Which of the following is a clear example of the use of standardized phrases in air traffic control communications?
Which of the following is a clear example of the use of standardized phrases in air traffic control communications?
Why is it crucial for air traffic controllers to resist using slang or colloquial language when communicating with pilots?
Why is it crucial for air traffic controllers to resist using slang or colloquial language when communicating with pilots?
If a pilot hears the phrase 'descend and maintain one zero thousand, expect lower altitude in five miles' from an air traffic controller, what should the pilot understand from this instruction?
If a pilot hears the phrase 'descend and maintain one zero thousand, expect lower altitude in five miles' from an air traffic controller, what should the pilot understand from this instruction?
Flashcards
Military Call Sign
Military Call Sign
A code word used by air traffic controllers to identify military aircraft.
Military Service
Military Service
The military service that operates an aircraft, such as the Army, Navy, or Air Force.
Prefix
Prefix
A prefix used before a military aircraft call sign to indicate the type of aircraft.
Military Call Sign Prefix
Military Call Sign Prefix
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Zulu Suffix
Zulu Suffix
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Medical Air Evacuation
Medical Air Evacuation
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U.S. Marine Corps
U.S. Marine Corps
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Presidential Aircraft Call Sign
Presidential Aircraft Call Sign
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Maintain VFR Clearance
Maintain VFR Clearance
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VFR Clearance to IFR Aircraft
VFR Clearance to IFR Aircraft
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VFR on Top
VFR on Top
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Pilot Responsibility in VFR on Top
Pilot Responsibility in VFR on Top
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What is the call sign for a military aircraft carrying the President?
What is the call sign for a military aircraft carrying the President?
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What is the call sign for a civilian aircraft carrying the President?
What is the call sign for a civilian aircraft carrying the President?
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What is the call sign suffix for an aircraft carrying the President's family?
What is the call sign suffix for an aircraft carrying the President's family?
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What is the call sign for a military aircraft carrying the Vice President?
What is the call sign for a military aircraft carrying the Vice President?
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What is the call sign suffix for an aircraft carrying the Vice President's family?
What is the call sign suffix for an aircraft carrying the Vice President's family?
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What is the preferred destination for an aircraft clearance?
What is the preferred destination for an aircraft clearance?
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What happens if the aircraft cannot be cleared to the final destination?
What happens if the aircraft cannot be cleared to the final destination?
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What is the initial route assigned to a departing IFR aircraft?
What is the initial route assigned to a departing IFR aircraft?
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Holding Pattern
Holding Pattern
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Holding Fix
Holding Fix
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Holding Pattern Legs
Holding Pattern Legs
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Route of Flight to Clearance Limit
Route of Flight to Clearance Limit
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Acknowledge
Acknowledge
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Via Last Routing Cleared
Via Last Routing Cleared
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Pilot Behavior After Holding Pattern Clearance
Pilot Behavior After Holding Pattern Clearance
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Restate Assigned Altitude
Restate Assigned Altitude
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Cruise clearance
Cruise clearance
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Crossing altitude restriction
Crossing altitude restriction
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"Descend now"
"Descend now"
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Pilot's discretion
Pilot's discretion
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Cruise(S) Clearance
Cruise(S) Clearance
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Reissued IFR Clearance
Reissued IFR Clearance
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IFR
IFR
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ATC
ATC
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Navigational fix
Navigational fix
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Expect (in aviation)
Expect (in aviation)
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Say intentions
Say intentions
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Affirmative (radio)
Affirmative (radio)
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Negative (radio)
Negative (radio)
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Standard Communications in Aviation
Standard Communications in Aviation
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Clearance (in aviation)
Clearance (in aviation)
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Pilot's Flight Plan
Pilot's Flight Plan
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Expect Instruction for Planning
Expect Instruction for Planning
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Study Notes
Aircraft Phraseology and Identification
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Pilot clearances permit various maneuvers (landing, touch-and-go, low approach) during training or flight evaluation.
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"Cleared" is used for IFR clearances before departure, including necessary details (aircraft identification, departure instructions, route, altitudes, holding instructions, etc., if needed).
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Aircraft are identified using standard procedures to prevent confusion and incorrect instructions. Correct identification is crucial for safe air traffic control.
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Airlines use unique designated names and flight numbers.
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Aircraft use distinctive call signs for identification (e.g., airline name followed by flight number).
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FAA-approved aircraft identification consists of the airline name followed by the flight number.
General Aviation Aircraft Call Signs
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General aviation aircraft have call signs consisting of the aircraft type and a unique serial number.
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Call signs use a serial number assigned by the FAA, up to five numbers or letters
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The letter N signifies U.S.-registered aircraft.
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Serial numbers are enunciated individually during communications
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Aircraft types and serial numbers (e.g., N number followed by the aircraft type).
Military Aircraft Call Signs
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Military aircraft use a variety of call signs that include numbers, letters, and words.
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Call signs often begin with the military service name (e.g., Army, Navy, Air Force).
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The prefixes identify the particular military service (e.g. US Air Force).
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Call signs are often composed of a combination of letters and numbers.
Presidential Aircraft Call Signs
- Special call signs are assigned to alert controllers to any special handling needed, when the president or vice president is aboard.
- The call sign (e.g., Air Force One, Marine One) is displayed as a combination of the military service and "one", indicating the president is on board.
Destination or Intermediate Fix
- Presidential aircraft clearances are typically to destination airport.
- Controllers may issue alternative routing if the destination airport is not possible
- Clearances may be issued with intermediate fixes, telling the pilot expected route and estimated hold time
Departure Instructions
- IFR aircraft are issued an initial route (e.g., SID route or heading) from the departure airport.
- Headings can either be a turn right (TR), turn left (TL), or fly heading (FH)
- Pilots are often assigned a heading to fly until they reach a specific airway or navigation aid (e.g., airway).
Altitude Assignments
- Altitude assignments are provided to pilots that specify whether specific altitude should be used or if climbing and descending are allowed based on pilot discretion.
- Maintain VFR altitudes require pilots to stay within VFR weather conditions.
Route of Flight
- IFR routes consist of an airway or navaids leading to a clearance limit.
- "Cleared as filed" (CAF) is used when the route matches the filed ICAO flight plan. For aircraft operating with out radar the first airway is added to the clearance.
- If the route needs to change, only the changed part of the clearance is issued or "unable routing requested" is added if major changes are required.
- Once aircraft is in flight, any amended clearance portions are issued and pilot is told exact time of departure based on controller information
Holding Instructions
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Holding patterns are required when aircraft must remain clear of traffic congestion; a holding pattern follows a specific designated path.
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Holding instructions usually include direction of holding from a navigation aid, name of holding fix, specific route/radial, leg length (in miles or minutes), direction of turns, and/or expected exit time.
Required Reports
- Reports are required by controllers to provide updated information on aircraft crossing points, reaching specific altitude, or leaving previously assigned altitude.
- Controller frequently asks for report of crossing a navigational fix or achieving a specific altitude.
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