Questions and Answers
Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?
How many of the 118 elements are naturally occurring on Earth?
98
Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?
What element is represented by the symbol H?
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An example of an elemental molecule is ___________.
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As the basic unit of matter, __________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
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Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?
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An example of a physical change is __________.
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An example of a chemical change is __________.
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Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
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__________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
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A __________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
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Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
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An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is __________.
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__________ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.
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The tail of a surfactant molecule is __________, or oil loving.
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Nail polish, with glitter that can separate from the polish, is an example of a(n) __________.
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Water-in-oil emulsions feel __________ than oil-in-water emulsions.
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What ingredient is used to raise the pH in hair products?
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Volatile organic compounds contain __________ and evaporate very easily.
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What is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide?
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The pH scale is _________.
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A(n) __________ charged ion is called an anion.
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The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline __________ solutions.
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What does a pH below 7 indicate?
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The letters pH denote __________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
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Solutions that do not contain water, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ___________.
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What is the average pH for hair and skin?
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Alkalis tend to __________ the hair.
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__________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
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When oxygen is chemically combined with a substance, the substance is __________.
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Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) __________ reaction.
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What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?
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What type of chemical reaction balances pH and results in the production of water and a salt?
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The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains _________ categories of information.
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On a Safety Data Sheet (SDS), which category would include risks of exposure, related symptoms, and acute and chronic effects?
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As part of the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects, as well as ___________.
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The location you use for mixing chemicals must be __________.
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Study Notes
Chemistry and Chemical Safety
- Matter: Defined as anything that occupies space and has mass.
- Elements: There are 118 known elements, with 98 naturally occurring on Earth.
- Atoms: The basic building blocks of all matter, indivisible by ordinary chemical means.
- Hydrogen (H): The chemical symbol for hydrogen.
- Elemental Molecule: An example is atmospheric oxygen (O₂).
- Chemical Properties: Changes like rusting iron and burning wood reflect chemical properties.
- Physical Change: An example is ice melting to water.
- Chemical Change: Illustrated by the oxidation of hair color products.
- Pure Substance: An example is salt (sodium chloride).
- Bases: Also known as alkalis, composed of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
- Solution: A stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances.
- Surfactants: Compounds that allow oil and water to mix by reducing surface tension.
- Emulsions: Water-in-oil emulsions include products like cold cream; shampoos and conditioners are common emulsions in beauty services.
- Surfactant Molecules: Have a lipophilic (oil-loving) tail.
- Suspensions: Nail polish with glitter is an example of a suspension, as the components can separate.
- Emulsion Texture: Water-in-oil emulsions feel greasier than oil-in-water emulsions.
- Ammonia: Used to raise pH in hair products for better penetration into the hair shaft.
- Volatile Organic Compounds: Contain carbon and evaporate easily.
- Oxidation: A reaction that produces an oxide by combining a substance with oxygen.
- pH Scale: Logarithmic scale that measures hydrogen ion concentration in acidic and alkaline water-based solutions.
- Acidity: A pH below 7 indicates an acidic solution.
- Potential Hydrogen: The letters pH denote this concept, reflecting acidity or alkalinity.
- Non-aqueous Solutions: Solutions that do not contain water, such as alcohol or oil, do not have a pH value.
- Average pH: The average pH for hair and skin is around 5.
- Alkali Effect on Hair: Alkalis tend to swell the hair.
- Reduction: Refers to the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen in a reaction.
- Oxidation Process: A substance becomes oxidized when it is chemically combined with oxygen.
- Redox Reactions: Oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously.
- Endothermic Reactions: Reactions that require energy or heat absorption from an external source.
- Acid-Alkali Neutralization: Balances pH and results in water and salt production.
- Safety Data Sheet (SDS): Contains 16 categories of information crucial for handling chemicals.
- Toxicological Information: Includes exposure risks and related symptoms on the SDS.
- First Aid Measures: Provide important instructions and symptoms in case of exposure on the SDS.
- Chemical Mixing Location: Must be well-ventilated to ensure safety during chemical handling.
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Description
Test your knowledge on chemistry and chemical safety with this Milady Chapter 6 exam. Covering key concepts such as matter, elements, and atoms, this quiz serves as an essential review for anyone studying chemistry in the beauty industry.
