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Questions and Answers
Define electric current.
Define electric current.
An electric current is the flow of electricity along a conductor.
Explain the difference between a conductor and a nonconductor (insulator).
Explain the difference between a conductor and a nonconductor (insulator).
A conductor is any material that conducts electricity. A nonconductor, also known as an insulator, is a material that does not transmit electricity.
Describe the two types of electric current and give examples of each.
Describe the two types of electric current and give examples of each.
Direct current (DC) is a constant current that travels in one direction, produced by chemical means. Examples include flashlights and mobile phones. Alternating current (AC) is a rapid current that changes direction, produced by mechanical means. Examples include hair dryers and lamps.
Explain the difference between a volt and an amp.
Explain the difference between a volt and an amp.
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Define ohm.
Define ohm.
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Define watt and kilowatt.
Define watt and kilowatt.
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Explain the function of a fuse.
Explain the function of a fuse.
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What is the purpose of a circuit breaker?
What is the purpose of a circuit breaker?
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What is the purpose of grounding?
What is the purpose of grounding?
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List at least five steps to take for electrical safety.
List at least five steps to take for electrical safety.
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List and describe the two main electric modalities (currents) used in cosmetology.
List and describe the two main electric modalities (currents) used in cosmetology.
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What are electromagnetic radiation, visible light, and invisible light?
What are electromagnetic radiation, visible light, and invisible light?
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List and describe the two main types of light therapy.
List and describe the two main types of light therapy.
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What are the benefits of LED therapies?
What are the benefits of LED therapies?
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Identify the colors of LED lights and their wavelengths (nm).
Identify the colors of LED lights and their wavelengths (nm).
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Name two important precautions to observe when using light therapy.
Name two important precautions to observe when using light therapy.
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Study Notes
Basics of Electricity
- Electric current is the flow of electricity through a conductor.
- Conductors allow electricity to flow, while nonconductors (insulators) do not transmit electricity.
Types of Electric Current
- Direct Current (DC):
- Constant, flowing in one direction.
- Produced by chemical means (e.g., batteries).
- Used in flashlights, mobile phones, and cordless tools.
- Alternating Current (AC):
- Rapidly changes direction, flowing back and forth.
- Produced by mechanical means, changing direction 60 times per second.
- Commonly used in corded hair dryers, curling irons, electric files, and lamps.
Electrical Units
- Volt (V): Measures the pressure that pushes electric current through a conductor.
- Ampere (A): Measures the strength of an electric current.
- Ohm (Ω): Measures the resistance to electric current; current flows only if voltage is greater than resistance.
- Watt (W): Energy usage per second; a 40-watt light bulb represents 40 watts used in one second.
- Kilowatt (kW): Equivalent to 1,000 watts; household electricity measured in kilowatts per hour (kWh).
Electrical Safety Devices
- Fuse: Protects by preventing excess current from passing through a circuit.
- Circuit Breaker: Automatically interrupts a circuit at overload detection.
- Grounding: Completes a circuit and safely directs current away.
Electrical Safety Practices
- Ensure appliance safety standards by using UL certified devices.
- Read equipment instructions thoroughly.
- Regularly inspect electrical equipment.
- Maintain wires and plugs in good condition, avoiding damage.
- Keep cords untangled and avoid placing objects on electrical cords.
Electric Modalities in Cosmetology
- Galvanic Current:
- Constant direct current with positive and negative poles.
- Causes chemical changes in body tissues.
- Microcurrent:
- Very low level of electricity mimicking the body’s natural impulses.
Light and Electromagnetic Radiation
- Electromagnetic Spectrum: Includes all forms of radiation energy.
- Visible Light: Part of the spectrum visible to the human eye.
- Invisible Light: Exists at the ends of the visible spectrum, undetectable by the naked eye.
Light Therapy Types
- LASER:
- Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation.
- Used for hair removal and skin treatments.
- LED (Light Emitting Diode):
- Reduces acne, increases blood circulation, enhances collagen content in skin.
Benefits and Precautions of LED Therapy
- LED therapy stimulates skin response at specific tissue depths.
- Precautions:
- Avoid treatment for individuals with photosensitivities or those under certain medical conditions (e.g., cancer, epilepsy).
- Refer unsure clients to their physician.
LED Light Colors and Their Effects
- Blue Light (570 nm): Reduces acne and bacteria.
- Red Light (640 nm): Enhances circulation, boosts collagen/elastin production, stimulates healing.
- Yellow Light (590 nm): Reduces swelling, improves lymphatic flow, detoxifies.
- Green Light (525 nm): Reduces hyperpigmentation and redness, calms skin.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of electricity with these review questions from Milady Chapter Thirteen. This quiz covers essential concepts like electric current, conductors, and nonconductors, helping you understand the foundational principles of electricity in the beauty industry.