Milady Chapter 10 Flashcards

Skin Color

• Melanocytes produce melanosomes that carry the pigment protein melanin.
• Melanin determines skin, eye, and hair color through transfer from melanosomes to skin cells.

Sudiferous Glands

• Also known as sweat glands, they help regulate body temperature and eliminate waste.
• Comprise two types: Apocrine and Eccrine glands, with coiled bases and duct openings (pores) at the skin surface.

Primary Functions of Skin

• Protects against external elements.
• Provides sensation for heat, cold, and pressure.
• Regulates body temperature, excretes waste, secretes sebum, and absorbs essential nutrients.

Epidermal Ridges

• Thicker skin on palms and soles enhances grip and is responsible for fingerprints.
• Located in the stratum lucidum layer of the skin.

Tyrosinase Inhibitors/Brightening Agents

• These products suppress melanin production and are designed to reduce hyperpigmentation by interrupting biochemical processes.

Eccrine Glands

• Sweat glands primarily located on the forehead, palms, and soles of the feet.

T-Cells

• Play a crucial role in identifying foreign molecules and regulating the body’s immune response.

Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMFs)

• Composed of triglycerides, ceramides, waxes, and fatty acids that create the skin's waterproofing barrier.
• Hydrate the lipid layers, absorb water, and prevent moisture loss.

Collagen

• A fibrous connective tissue found in the dermis, providing skin with firmness and elasticity.
• Topically functions to bind water for skin hydration.

Barrier Function

• The epidermis’ protective barrier prevents irritation and dehydration, maintaining skin integrity.

Cell Replacement

• Elastin and collagen have limited regenerative capacity, affecting skin elasticity post-damage.
• Vitamin A and alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) stimulate skin cell turnover, addressing signs of aging.

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

• Stimulates cellular reproduction and healing, essential for skin repair processes.

Secretion

• Sebum lubricates skin and hair, comprises 50-70% water, and slows transepidermal water loss.
• Hormonal fluctuations can increase sebum production, leading to skin issues.

Sensory Nerve Fibers

• Motor nerves connected to sweat and oil glands regulate gland output and sebum production.

Sensation

• Skin detects stimuli such as heat, cold, pressure, and pain via millions of nerve endings.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

• Balancing hormones along with nutrition, skincare, and exercise supports skin health and radiance at any age.

Square Inch of Skin Contains

• Millions of cells, eight feet of blood vessels, and 32 feet of nerves.
• Additionally, it has approximately 650 sweat glands, 100 oil glands, 65 hairs, and 1,300 nerve endings.

Cell Protection

• Glycolipids like ceramides are vital for barrier function and moisture retention.
• Adequate hydration through water intake supports cell health and production.

Melanocytes

• Cells in the basal layer responsible for producing skin pigment granules.

Keratin

• A fibrous protein that provides skin resilience and protects against environmental damage.

Intercellular Matrix

• Comprises lipid substances that protect skin cells from water loss and irritation.

Lymph Vessels

• Located in the dermis, they provide nourishment and waste removal for skin health.

Test your knowledge on skin biology with these Milady Chapter 10 flashcards. Learn about the functions of melanocytes, melanin, and sudiferous glands. Perfect for students in cosmetology and skincare studies.