Podcast
Questions and Answers
Define immigration:
Define immigration:
migration into a country or region
Define emigration:
Define emigration:
migration from or out of a country or region
What are Ravenstein's two laws for distance in relation to migrants?
What are Ravenstein's two laws for distance in relation to migrants?
1: most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country. 2: long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity.
What is the difference between international and internal migration?
What is the difference between international and internal migration?
What type of push factors are usually responsible for voluntary migration?
What type of push factors are usually responsible for voluntary migration?
What type of push factors are usually responsible for forced migration (refugees)?
What type of push factors are usually responsible for forced migration (refugees)?
Define interregional migration:
Define interregional migration:
Define intraregion migration:
Define intraregion migration:
In what stage of the DTM are most countries that send out immigrants?
In what stage of the DTM are most countries that send out immigrants?
What are the three countries that sent out the most immigrants from Asia in recent years?
What are the three countries that sent out the most immigrants from Asia in recent years?
List the four major waves of immigration to the US and the groups involved.
List the four major waves of immigration to the US and the groups involved.
What is the famous example of large-scale interregional migration in the US?
What is the famous example of large-scale interregional migration in the US?
What is the 'population center'?
What is the 'population center'?
What developments in transportation eventually encouraged settlement to the Mississippi?
What developments in transportation eventually encouraged settlement to the Mississippi?
What was the first intervening obstacle that hindered American settlement of the interior of the continent?
What was the first intervening obstacle that hindered American settlement of the interior of the continent?
How did the railroads encourage settlement of the American interior?
How did the railroads encourage settlement of the American interior?
For what two reasons have people been migrating to the South in recent years?
For what two reasons have people been migrating to the South in recent years?
In Russia, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
In Russia, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
In Canada, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
In Canada, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
In China, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
In China, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
In Brazil, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
In Brazil, where has interregional migration occurred, why, and how?
Where has the US seen net growth and net loss within its regions?
Where has the US seen net growth and net loss within its regions?
Define/describe urbanization, suburbanization, and counterurbanization
Define/describe urbanization, suburbanization, and counterurbanization
What are push and pull factors?
What are push and pull factors?
Give examples of political push and pull factors:
Give examples of political push and pull factors:
Give examples of environmental push and pull factors:
Give examples of environmental push and pull factors:
Give examples of economic push and pull factors:
Give examples of economic push and pull factors:
Define guest worker:
Define guest worker:
Why are China and Southwest Asia major destinations for migrants?
Why are China and Southwest Asia major destinations for migrants?
Define intervening obstacle:
Define intervening obstacle:
How does physical geography affect migration?
How does physical geography affect migration?
How does transportation affect migration?
How does transportation affect migration?
How do political concerns/laws affect migration?
How do political concerns/laws affect migration?
Define brain drain:
Define brain drain:
Define chain migration:
Define chain migration:
What are undocumented immigrants?
What are undocumented immigrants?
What is the typical gender, age, and education of migrants?
What is the typical gender, age, and education of migrants?
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Study Notes
Immigration and Emigration
- Immigration refers to the migration into a country or region.
- Emigration denotes migration out of a country or region.
Ravenstein's Laws
- Most migrants relocate short distances, typically within their home country.
- Long-distance migrants tend to move to major economic centers.
Types of Migration
- International migration involves a permanent shift from one country to another.
- Internal migration occurs within the same country.
Push Factors
- Economic improvement is a primary driver for voluntary migration.
- Forced migration is often influenced by political or environmental push factors.
Types of Migration Movement
- Interregional migration is the movement from one region of a country to another.
- Intraregional migration refers to movement within a single region.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
- Most countries sending out immigrants are in Stage 2 of the DTM.
Major Immigrant-Sending Countries in Asia
- The largest senders of immigrants from Asia include China, the Philippines, India, and Vietnam.
Waves of Immigration to the US
- Significant waves include:
- Ireland & Germany (1850s)
- Scandinavia (1880s)
- Southern & Eastern Europe (1900s)
- Asia & Latin America (1980s-present).
Interregional Migration in the US
- A notable example is the westward expansion during the settling of the American West.
Population Center
- Represents the average location of all individuals living in a country.
Transportation Developments
- Canals were crucial in promoting settlement along and towards the Mississippi River.
Obstacles to American Settlement
- The Appalachian Mountains served as the first significant barrier to interior settlement.
Role of Railroads
- Railroads promoted interior settlement by providing transportation and land grants.
Recent Migration Trends to the South
- Reasons include job opportunities and a more favorable warmer climate.
Interregional Migration in Russia
- Involves movement to Siberia, motivated by development initiatives and policy enforcement.
Interregional Migration in Canada
- Movements are from east to west driven by gold discoveries and net-out migration.
Interregional Migration in China
- Movement from the interior to urban coastal cities fueled by job availability due to reduced government restrictions.
Migration Trends in Brazil
- BrasÃlia has experienced net-in migration focusing on job opportunities.
Regional Growth and Decline in the US
- Growth observed in the West and South, while the Midwest and Northeast face population loss.
Urbanization Trends
- Urbanization: Increased urban population percentages.
- Suburbanization: Growth of suburban areas surrounding cities.
- Counterurbanization: Urban to rural area migration trends in more developed countries.
Push and Pull Factors
- Push factors compel movement away from a location.
- Pull factors attract individuals to a new location.
Political Push and Pull Factors
- Push factors include slavery, political conflict, and refugees.
- Pull factors involve stability and political safety.
Environmental Push and Pull Factors
- Hazards like deserts and flooding act as push factors.
- Attractive locations like beaches and mountains serve as pull factors.
Economic Push and Pull Factors
- Lack of job opportunities pushes migration.
- Robust economic conditions pull migrants to new locations.
Guest Workers
- Historically referred to workers migrating to developed nations from less developed regions seeking better employment.
Major Migration Destinations
- China and Southwest Asia attract migrants due to booming economies and growth in the oil sector.
Intervening Obstacles
- Environmental or political features that hinder or complicate migration efforts.
Effects of Geography on Migration
- Physical geography can restrict migration flow and define migration paths.
Transportation Impact
- Advances in transportation reduce the significance of physical barriers to migration.
Political Effects on Migration
- Laws and regulations can limit immigration numbers, influencing who can migrate.
Brain Drain
- Refers to a large-scale emigration of highly skilled or educated individuals.
Chain Migration
- Occurs when migrants move to a location where family or members of the same nationality have previously settled.
Undocumented Immigrants
- Individuals who enter a country without the necessary legal documentation.
Characteristics of Migrants
- Typically male, with around 40% aged between 20 and 35, often lacking a high school diploma.
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