Midterm Quiz - Psychopathology & Mental Disorders

Midterm Quiz - Psychopathology & Mental Disorders

• Biopsychosocial Model:

  • Integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illness.

• Dimensional Model (DSM-5-TR):

  • Views disorders along a continuum, not distinct categories.

• DSM-5-TR vs. ICD-11:

  • DSM-5-TR is primarily used in the US, ICD-11 is an international classification system for both physical and mental disorders.

• Research Methods for Studying ACEs:

  • Longitudinal studies are best for long-term effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).

• Comorbidity:

  • Co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders in the same person.

Clinical Application & Diagnosis

• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD):

  • Diagnosed when a person experiences at least five symptoms, including depressed mood and loss of interest, for at least two weeks.

• Bipolar Disorder:

  • Characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania.

• Trauma-Related Disorders (e.g., PTSD):

  • PTSD is a trauma-related disorder, characterized by symptoms that can occur after a traumatic event.

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):

  • Primarily used to treat depression by targeting serotonin neurotransmitters.

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):

  • Characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty focusing.

Critical Thinking & Ethics

• Ethical Research on Childhood Trauma:

  • Crucial to ensure confidentiality and informed consent.

• Resilience:

  • Ability to recover from stress or adversity.

• Social Deviance and Diagnosis Issues:

  • Diagnostic issues can arise when judging disorders based on social deviance. Diagnosing solely based on social deviance can lead to cultural misunderstandings

• Common Criticisms of DSM-5-TR:

  • Some critics argue that the expansion of its criteria may overpathologize normal behaviors.

True or False Questions

• Treatment Recommendations in DSM-5-TR:

  • DSM-5-TR does not provide specific treatment recommendations.

• Personality Disorders and Childhood Diagnosis:

  • Personality disorders are typically diagnosed in adulthood.

• ACEs and Mental/Physical Health:

  • The presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases the risk for both physical and mental health disorders.

• Categorical vs. Dimensional Classification:

  • A categorical system views disorders as distinct categories, whereas a dimensional system views them along a spectrum.

• Protective Childhood Experiences (PCEs):

  • PCEs can help reduce the negative effects of ACEs.

• PTSD and Time of Onset:

  • PTSD symptoms may not develop immediately after a traumatic event.

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT):

  • CBT is used as an evidenced-based treatment for depression and anxiety.

• Trauma-informed care (TIC):

  • TIC applies to all healthcare and not just PTSD treatment.

• Culture and Diagnosis:

  • Culture can influence how symptoms of mental disorders are expressed and diagnosed.

• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT):

  • ECT is not a first-line treatment for PTSD, but is sometimes used for treatment-resistant depression.