16 Questions
What is the period of middle childhood also known as?
Latent period
What happens to a child's appetite during middle childhood?
It improves
What is the median height gain for boys between 6 and 10 years?
21.4 cm
What is the annual increment of weight gain for girls between 6 and 10 years?
3.9 kg to 4.4 kg
What is a characteristic of girls' physical growth during middle childhood?
Thicker skin fold measurements
What is a characteristic of boys' physical growth during middle childhood?
Larger hand and foot measurements
What is a racial difference found in middle childhood?
All of the above
When does middle childhood end?
At the onset of pubertal changes
At what age does the eruption of the permanent dentition begin?
6 years
What is the time period during which calcification begins in the teeth?
3-4 postnatal months
What is the role of vitamin D in tooth development?
Deposition of calcium and phosphorus as hydroxyapatite crystals
Which vitamin is essential for the formation of enamel?
Vitamin A
Which of the following carbohydrates is readily fermentable by oral bacteria?
Sucrose
What is the effect of fluorine on tooth decay?
Decreases tooth decay by 50-60%
What is the effect of candy and other sweet foods on tooth decay?
Increases tooth decay
How many teeth are expected to erupt by the age of 10 years?
4-6 teeth
Study Notes
Middle Childhood
- Lasts from 6 years to the onset of pubertal changes, with varying end points between sexes and individuals
- Also known as the latent period, characterized by stable somatic growth rates, physiological processes, and behaviors
- Children's appetite improves, and they make more choices in food consumption, with increased food consumption as they age
- Physical activity becomes more skillful
Physical Growth
- Growth in both weight and height is relatively slow between 6 years and the onset of adolescent spurt
- Median height of boys increases from 116.1 cm to 137.5 cm (gain of 21.4 cm) with an annual increment of 5.2 to 5.8 cm between 6 and 10 years
- Median height of girls increases from 114.4 cm to 138.3 cm (gain of 23.7 cm) with an annual increment of 5.8 to 6.5 cm between 6 and 10 years
- Median weight of boys increases from 20.7 kg to 31.4 kg (gain of 10.7 kg) with an annual increment of 2.2 kg to 3.9 kg between 6 and 10 years
- Median weight of girls increases from 19.5 kg to 32.6 kg (gain of 13.1 kg) with an annual increment of 3.9 kg to 4.4 kg between 6 and 10 years
- Girls have a higher weight gain due to wider skin fold measurements
- Racial differences exist in weight, skin fold thickness, and body composition
Dental Development and Caries Formation
- Eruption of permanent dentition begins at about 6 years
- Four to six mandibular teeth will have erupted by 10 years
- Calcification of teeth continues after eruption
- Three factors responsible for caries formation: susceptible teeth, oral bacteria, and food eaten
- Bacteria in plaque ferment carbohydrates, forming organic acids that act on enamel, exposing tooth to decay
- Adequate nutrition during tooth formation is essential for tooth structure integrity
- Vitamins D, A, and ascorbic acid play crucial roles in tooth formation and decay prevention
- Fluorine increases tooth resistance to decay, while sucrose consumption can increase caries prevalence
Learn about the period of middle childhood, starting from 6 years, its characteristics, and the changes that occur during this stage. Understand the significance of this period in a child's growth and development.
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