Middle Ages Mastery
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Questions and Answers

What was the code of honour that every knight swore to uphold known as?

  • Valour
  • Chivalry (correct)
  • Nobility
  • Integrity

    • What were knights supposed to protect according to the code of chivalry?

  • Lords and nobles
  • Women and children (correct)
  • Merchants and traders
  • Artisans and craftsmen

    • What was a common pastime for knights that also served as a way of practising for battle?

  • Archery
  • Jousting (correct)
  • Falconry
  • Chess

    • What reduced the importance of both knights and fortified places over time?

    <p>New weapons like the longbow and cannons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Black Death on European society?

    <p>It killed 30 to 60 percent of the population and damaged the feudal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Black Death?

    <p>A variety of bubonic plague spread from person to person by fleas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the longbow and cannon do to the social status of feudal lords and knights?

    <p>Undermined their social status on the battlefield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Hundred Years' War do for French kings?

    <p>Allowed them to expand their power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Black Death on labor in Europe?

    <p>Labor was in short supply, and workers could ask for higher wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the flagellants spreading the idea of?

    <p>The plague being a punishment from God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of Jews in European society during the Middle Ages?

    <p>They were doctors, business owners, and merchants but were segregated from Christian society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Black Death considered in terms of its impact?

    <p>A disaster so horrendous that many people thought the end of the world had come</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Black Death in terms of its spread?

    <p>A pandemic—a widespread, fast-moving infectious disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Black Death on the feudal system?

    <p>It damaged the feudal system by causing labor shortages and rising wages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Black Death bring out in people?

    <p>The best and worst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the World Health Organization during the SARS outbreak in Toronto?

    <p>Imposed a travel ban on Toronto to prevent the spread of SARS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancements led to longer, stronger, and lighter swords in the Middle Ages?

    <p>Improved metalworking technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which weapon could be fired quickly, causing devastation in battles during the Middle Ages?

    <p>Longbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the weight range of armor in the late Middle Ages?

    <p>Up to 20 kilograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who inspired the creation of the Geneva Conventions, which set rules for wartime behavior and care for the wounded?

    <p>Henry Dunant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the duration of the Hundred Years' War?

    <p>1337 to 1453</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who rallied the French against the English during the Hundred Years' War?

    <p>Joan of Arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What played a crucial role in the Hundred Years' War and caused significant losses for the French?

    <p>English longbow archers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage did the French gain over the longbow in battles during the Hundred Years' War?

    <p>More effective artillery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of the Hundred Years' War in 1453, which city did England retain?

    <p>Calais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes in society did the Hundred Years' War lead to?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a truce in the context of warfare?

    <p>A period during which warring parties agree to stop fighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'ecclesiastical' refer to?

    <p>Religious matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Knights were supposed to protect ______ and children according to the code of chivalry

    <p>women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The code of chivalry was based on personal ______

    <p>honour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over time, new weapons such as the longbow and cannons reduced the importance of both ______ and fortified places

    <p>knights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The model knight was brave, generous, and ______

    <p>truthful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the late Middle Ages, knighthood reached its highest state of ______

    <p>development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medieval Weaponry and Armour: The weapons used by fighters were determined by their ______ class

    <p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In practice, however, the behaviour of many knights fell short of ______ ideals

    <p>chivalrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of the knight was to protect women and children and to strengthen the ______

    <p>Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fighters included knights on horseback, foot soldiers, and ______

    <p>archers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mistreatment of serfs by knights was so common that laws had to be passed forbidding assaults on ______

    <p>peasants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ was on its way out. In the future, monarchs would need large armies, not feudal vassals, to fight their wars

    <p>Feudalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ was a disaster so horrendous that many people thought the end of the world had come

    <p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ was a highly contagious, usually fatal disease

    <p>bubonic plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ brought out the best and worst in people

    <p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ were religious people who whip themselves in public

    <p>flagellants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the French city of Strasbourg, the townspeople accused ______ of starting an outbreak of the plague by poisoning the city's wells

    <p>Jews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death was a _______: a widespread, fast-moving infectious disease

    <p>pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The virus was first recognized in a woman returning from Hong Kong

    <p>SARS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is estimated that the ______ killed 30 to 60 percent of the population of Europe

    <p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the ______, labour was in such short supply that workers could travel from manor to manor and ask for higher wages

    <p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Joan of Arc, a young peasant woman, rallied the French against the English during the Hundred Years' War, but was captured, tried for heresy, and burned at the ______

    <p>stake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The crossbow was powerful but slow to load, while the longbow could be fired quickly, causing devastation in ______

    <p>battles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A truce is a period during which warring parties agree to stop fighting, while a ______ is the eldest son of the French king

    <p>dauphin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Swords in the Middle Ages became longer, stronger, and lighter due to improved ______ technology

    <p>metalworking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hundred Years' War, lasting from 1337 to 1453, saw frequent truces and evolved from a dispute over the French monarchy to a fight over ______

    <p>territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Armor in the late Middle Ages could weigh up to 20 kilograms, offering protection but hindering ______

    <p>mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Geneva Conventions, inspired by Henry Dunant's actions in the Battle of Solferino, set rules for wartime behavior and care for the ______

    <p>wounded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the war's end in 1453, Northern France lay in ruins, and England retained only the port city of ______

    <p>Calais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The war led to changes in society, with the English turning their attention to the Americas and the French gaining victories with new ______

    <p>artillery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The French developed more effective ______, including lighter cannons and iron cannonballs, giving them an advantage over the longbow in battles

    <p>artillery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Another name for the Black Death is the ______

    <p>Pestilence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death was caused by the bacterium Yersinia ______

    <p>pestis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death pandemic occurred in Western Eurasia and North Africa from 1346 to ______

    <p>1353</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death caused the deaths of 75–200 million ______

    <p>people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death led to religious, social, and economic ______

    <p>upheavals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The immediate territorial origins of the Black Death and its outbreak remain ______

    <p>unclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death was reportedly first introduced to Europe during the siege of the Genoese trading port of Kaffa in Crimea by the Golden Horde army of Jani Beg in ______

    <p>1347</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic analysis points to the evolution of Yersinia pestis in the Tian Shan mountains on the border between Kyrgyzstan and ______

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death probably took a secondary form, spread by person-to-person contact via ______, causing pneumonic plague

    <p>aerosols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death was the beginning of the second plague ______

    <p>pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Y. pestis was discovered by _______ in 1894

    <p>Alexandre Yersin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Due to climate change in Asia, rodents began to flee the dried-out grasslands to more populated areas, spreading the disease known as _______

    <p>plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Y. pestis is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including _______

    <p>marmots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mechanism by which Y. pestis is usually transmitted was established in 1898 by _______

    <p>Paul-Louis Simond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The authors concluded that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages in a publication in _______

    <p>PLOS Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Definitive confirmation of the role of Y. pestis arrived in 2010 with a publication in PLOS Pathogens by _______

    <p>Haensch et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pandemic was considered a 'martyrdom and mercy' from God by _______

    <p>Muslim religious scholars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some Muslim doctors cautioned against trying to prevent or treat a disease sent by God, while others adopted preventive measures and treatments for plague used by _______

    <p>Europeans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Y. pestis is caused by the bacterium _______

    <p>Yersinia pestis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2011, genetic evidence derived from Black De_______ was further confirmed

    <p>ath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recent discoveries suggest that the initial spread of the Black Death may not have been due to ______ conquests in the 14th century, as previously speculated

    <p>Mongol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of the European ______ and approximately 33% of the Middle Eastern ______

    <p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The European population did not regain its 14th-century level until the 16th century due to the ______ of the Late Middle Ages

    <p>crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outbreaks of the ______ recurred worldwide until the early 19th century

    <p>plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Death was referred to as 'pestilence' or '______' before it was called the 'black death' in the 18th century

    <p>great pestilence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phrase 'black death' as a proper name for the pandemic was popularized by ______ chroniclers in the 15th and early 16th centuries

    <p>Swedish and Danish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The symptoms of bubonic plague are first attested in a fragment of Rufus of Ephesus preserved by Oribasius, suggesting it appeared in the ______ before the reign of Trajan

    <p>Roman Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evidence of Yersinia pestis was found in an ancient Swedish tomb, possibly associated with the 'Neolithic decline' around ______

    <p>3000 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cause of the Plague of Justinian (541–549 CE) was confirmed to be Y. pestis, marking the first plague ______

    <p>pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research suggests plague first infected humans in Europe and Asia in the Late Neolithic-Early ______

    <p>Bronze Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Middle Ages: Technology, Warfare, and Joan of Arc

    • Swords in the Middle Ages became longer, stronger, and lighter due to improved metalworking technology.
    • The crossbow was powerful but slow to load, while the longbow could be fired quickly, causing devastation in battles.
    • Armor in the late Middle Ages could weigh up to 20 kilograms, offering protection but hindering mobility.
    • The Geneva Conventions, inspired by Henry Dunant's actions in the Battle of Solferino, set rules for wartime behavior and care for the wounded.
    • The Hundred Years' War, lasting from 1337 to 1453, saw frequent truces and evolved from a dispute over the French monarchy to a fight over territory.
    • Joan of Arc, a young peasant woman, rallied the French against the English during the Hundred Years' War, but was captured, tried for heresy, and burned at the stake.
    • English longbow archers played a crucial role in the war, as their powerful longbows and skilled use caused significant losses for the French.
    • The French developed more effective artillery, including lighter cannons and iron cannonballs, giving them an advantage over the longbow in battles.
    • At the war's end in 1453, Northern France lay in ruins, and England retained only the port city of Calais.
    • The war led to changes in society, with the English turning their attention to the Americas and the French gaining victories with new artillery.
    • A truce is a period during which warring parties agree to stop fighting, while a dauphin is the eldest son of the French king.
    • Ecclesiastical refers to religious matters.

    The Middle Ages: Technology, Warfare, and Joan of Arc

    • Swords in the Middle Ages became longer, stronger, and lighter due to improved metalworking technology.
    • The crossbow was powerful but slow to load, while the longbow could be fired quickly, causing devastation in battles.
    • Armor in the late Middle Ages could weigh up to 20 kilograms, offering protection but hindering mobility.
    • The Geneva Conventions, inspired by Henry Dunant's actions in the Battle of Solferino, set rules for wartime behavior and care for the wounded.
    • The Hundred Years' War, lasting from 1337 to 1453, saw frequent truces and evolved from a dispute over the French monarchy to a fight over territory.
    • Joan of Arc, a young peasant woman, rallied the French against the English during the Hundred Years' War, but was captured, tried for heresy, and burned at the stake.
    • English longbow archers played a crucial role in the war, as their powerful longbows and skilled use caused significant losses for the French.
    • The French developed more effective artillery, including lighter cannons and iron cannonballs, giving them an advantage over the longbow in battles.
    • At the war's end in 1453, Northern France lay in ruins, and England retained only the port city of Calais.
    • The war led to changes in society, with the English turning their attention to the Americas and the French gaining victories with new artillery.
    • A truce is a period during which warring parties agree to stop fighting, while a dauphin is the eldest son of the French king.
    • Ecclesiastical refers to religious matters.

    The Black Death and Previous Plague Epidemics

    • The Black Death is believed to have spread through the Mediterranean Basin, North Africa, Western Asia, and Europe via Constantinople, Sicily, and the Italian Peninsula.
    • It was mainly spread from person-to-person as pneumonic plague, explaining its quick inland spread.
    • Recent discoveries suggest that the initial spread of the Black Death may not have been due to Mongol conquests in the 14th century, as previously speculated.
    • The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of the European population and approximately 33% of the Middle Eastern population.
    • The European population did not regain its 14th-century level until the 16th century due to the crisis of the Late Middle Ages.
    • Outbreaks of the plague recurred worldwide until the early 19th century.
    • The Black Death was referred to as "pestilence" or "great pestilence" before it was called the "black death" in the 18th century.
    • The phrase 'black death' as a proper name for the pandemic was popularized by Swedish and Danish chroniclers in the 15th and early 16th centuries.
    • The symptoms of bubonic plague are first attested in a fragment of Rufus of Ephesus preserved by Oribasius, suggesting it appeared in the Roman Empire before the reign of Trajan.
    • Research suggests plague first infected humans in Europe and Asia in the Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age.
    • Evidence of Yersinia pestis was found in an ancient Swedish tomb, possibly associated with the "Neolithic decline" around 3000 BCE.
    • The cause of the Plague of Justinian (541–549 CE) was confirmed to be Y. pestis, marking the first plague pandemic.

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    Test your knowledge of the Middle Ages with this quiz on technology, warfare, and the inspiring tale of Joan of Arc. From advancements in weaponry to key historical events, challenge yourself with questions about this fascinating period in history.

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