Middle Ages Mastery

What was the code of honour that every knight swore to uphold known as?

What were knights supposed to protect according to the code of chivalry?

What was a common pastime for knights that also served as a way of practising for battle?

What reduced the importance of both knights and fortified places over time?

What was the impact of the Black Death on European society?

What is the Black Death?

What did the longbow and cannon do to the social status of feudal lords and knights?

What did the Hundred Years' War do for French kings?

What was the impact of the Black Death on labor in Europe?

What were the flagellants spreading the idea of?

What was the role of Jews in European society during the Middle Ages?

What was the Black Death considered in terms of its impact?

What was the Black Death in terms of its spread?

What was the impact of the Black Death on the feudal system?

What did the Black Death bring out in people?

What was the role of the World Health Organization during the SARS outbreak in Toronto?

What technological advancements led to longer, stronger, and lighter swords in the Middle Ages?

Which weapon could be fired quickly, causing devastation in battles during the Middle Ages?

What was the weight range of armor in the late Middle Ages?

Who inspired the creation of the Geneva Conventions, which set rules for wartime behavior and care for the wounded?

What was the duration of the Hundred Years' War?

Who rallied the French against the English during the Hundred Years' War?

What played a crucial role in the Hundred Years' War and caused significant losses for the French?

What advantage did the French gain over the longbow in battles during the Hundred Years' War?

At the end of the Hundred Years' War in 1453, which city did England retain?

What changes in society did the Hundred Years' War lead to?

What is a truce in the context of warfare?

What does 'ecclesiastical' refer to?

Knights were supposed to protect ______ and children according to the code of chivalry

The code of chivalry was based on personal ______

Over time, new weapons such as the longbow and cannons reduced the importance of both ______ and fortified places

The model knight was brave, generous, and ______

In the late Middle Ages, knighthood reached its highest state of ______

Medieval Weaponry and Armour: The weapons used by fighters were determined by their ______ class

In practice, however, the behaviour of many knights fell short of ______ ideals

The role of the knight was to protect women and children and to strengthen the ______

Fighters included knights on horseback, foot soldiers, and ______

Mistreatment of serfs by knights was so common that laws had to be passed forbidding assaults on ______

______ was on its way out. In the future, monarchs would need large armies, not feudal vassals, to fight their wars

The ______ was a disaster so horrendous that many people thought the end of the world had come

The _______ was a highly contagious, usually fatal disease

The ______ brought out the best and worst in people

The _______ were religious people who whip themselves in public

In the French city of Strasbourg, the townspeople accused ______ of starting an outbreak of the plague by poisoning the city's wells

The Black Death was a _______: a widespread, fast-moving infectious disease

The virus was first recognized in a woman returning from Hong Kong

It is estimated that the ______ killed 30 to 60 percent of the population of Europe

After the ______, labour was in such short supply that workers could travel from manor to manor and ask for higher wages

Joan of Arc, a young peasant woman, rallied the French against the English during the Hundred Years' War, but was captured, tried for heresy, and burned at the ______

The crossbow was powerful but slow to load, while the longbow could be fired quickly, causing devastation in ______

A truce is a period during which warring parties agree to stop fighting, while a ______ is the eldest son of the French king

Swords in the Middle Ages became longer, stronger, and lighter due to improved ______ technology

The Hundred Years' War, lasting from 1337 to 1453, saw frequent truces and evolved from a dispute over the French monarchy to a fight over ______

Armor in the late Middle Ages could weigh up to 20 kilograms, offering protection but hindering ______

The Geneva Conventions, inspired by Henry Dunant's actions in the Battle of Solferino, set rules for wartime behavior and care for the ______

At the war's end in 1453, Northern France lay in ruins, and England retained only the port city of ______

The war led to changes in society, with the English turning their attention to the Americas and the French gaining victories with new ______

The French developed more effective ______, including lighter cannons and iron cannonballs, giving them an advantage over the longbow in battles

Another name for the Black Death is the ______

The Black Death was caused by the bacterium Yersinia ______

The Black Death pandemic occurred in Western Eurasia and North Africa from 1346 to ______

The Black Death caused the deaths of 75–200 million ______

The Black Death led to religious, social, and economic ______

The immediate territorial origins of the Black Death and its outbreak remain ______

The Black Death was reportedly first introduced to Europe during the siege of the Genoese trading port of Kaffa in Crimea by the Golden Horde army of Jani Beg in ______

Genetic analysis points to the evolution of Yersinia pestis in the Tian Shan mountains on the border between Kyrgyzstan and ______

The Black Death probably took a secondary form, spread by person-to-person contact via ______, causing pneumonic plague

The Black Death was the beginning of the second plague ______

Y. pestis was discovered by _______ in 1894

Due to climate change in Asia, rodents began to flee the dried-out grasslands to more populated areas, spreading the disease known as _______

Y. pestis is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including _______

The mechanism by which Y. pestis is usually transmitted was established in 1898 by _______

The authors concluded that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages in a publication in _______

Definitive confirmation of the role of Y. pestis arrived in 2010 with a publication in PLOS Pathogens by _______

The pandemic was considered a 'martyrdom and mercy' from God by _______

Some Muslim doctors cautioned against trying to prevent or treat a disease sent by God, while others adopted preventive measures and treatments for plague used by _______

Y. pestis is caused by the bacterium _______

In 2011, genetic evidence derived from Black De_______ was further confirmed

Recent discoveries suggest that the initial spread of the Black Death may not have been due to ______ conquests in the 14th century, as previously speculated

The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of the European ______ and approximately 33% of the Middle Eastern ______

The European population did not regain its 14th-century level until the 16th century due to the ______ of the Late Middle Ages

Outbreaks of the ______ recurred worldwide until the early 19th century

The Black Death was referred to as 'pestilence' or '______' before it was called the 'black death' in the 18th century

The phrase 'black death' as a proper name for the pandemic was popularized by ______ chroniclers in the 15th and early 16th centuries

The symptoms of bubonic plague are first attested in a fragment of Rufus of Ephesus preserved by Oribasius, suggesting it appeared in the ______ before the reign of Trajan

Evidence of Yersinia pestis was found in an ancient Swedish tomb, possibly associated with the 'Neolithic decline' around ______

The cause of the Plague of Justinian (541–549 CE) was confirmed to be Y. pestis, marking the first plague ______

Research suggests plague first infected humans in Europe and Asia in the Late Neolithic-Early ______