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What is a recommended daily calcium intake for postmenopausal women without hormones?
What is a recommended daily calcium intake for postmenopausal women without hormones?
Which of the following is a risk factor for chronic cardiovascular disease?
Which of the following is a risk factor for chronic cardiovascular disease?
What is the recommended level of HDL cholesterol?
What is the recommended level of HDL cholesterol?
Which statement accurately describes the effects of alcohol abuse?
Which statement accurately describes the effects of alcohol abuse?
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What health-promoting behavior is recommended for managing obesity?
What health-promoting behavior is recommended for managing obesity?
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Which dietary habit can increase vascular resistance?
Which dietary habit can increase vascular resistance?
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Which tool is used for early detection of alcohol abuse?
Which tool is used for early detection of alcohol abuse?
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Which lifestyle modification is recommended for reducing cholesterol levels?
Which lifestyle modification is recommended for reducing cholesterol levels?
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What is one of the significant biological changes that typically occur during middle adulthood?
What is one of the significant biological changes that typically occur during middle adulthood?
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Which of the following health problems is characterized by the abnormal loss of bone density?
Which of the following health problems is characterized by the abnormal loss of bone density?
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What influence does marital status have on health during middle adulthood?
What influence does marital status have on health during middle adulthood?
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Which of these is a common transition in family life during middle age?
Which of these is a common transition in family life during middle age?
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What is a primary goal of health promotion for middle-aged adults?
What is a primary goal of health promotion for middle-aged adults?
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At what age range does middle adulthood typically occur?
At what age range does middle adulthood typically occur?
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Which issue is NOT commonly associated with middle-aged adults?
Which issue is NOT commonly associated with middle-aged adults?
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Which of the following health patterns is predominantly observed in middle-aged adults?
Which of the following health patterns is predominantly observed in middle-aged adults?
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What is a primary benefit of regular exercise in adults?
What is a primary benefit of regular exercise in adults?
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Which of the following is recommended for preventing constipation?
Which of the following is recommended for preventing constipation?
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What characterizes sleep patterns in older adults compared to young adults?
What characterizes sleep patterns in older adults compared to young adults?
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What visual condition is associated with increased intraocular pressure?
What visual condition is associated with increased intraocular pressure?
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Which cognitive factor is important for maintaining cognitive function in adults?
Which cognitive factor is important for maintaining cognitive function in adults?
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What is a common sleep disorder characterized by disordered breathing during sleep?
What is a common sleep disorder characterized by disordered breathing during sleep?
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What is presbycusis primarily associated with?
What is presbycusis primarily associated with?
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According to Levinson's theory, which phase is associated with midlife transitions?
According to Levinson's theory, which phase is associated with midlife transitions?
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What is the effect of water fluoridation on dental health?
What is the effect of water fluoridation on dental health?
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Which activity is suggested for initiating a successful exercise program?
Which activity is suggested for initiating a successful exercise program?
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What describes stagnation in adulthood?
What describes stagnation in adulthood?
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Which statement about the roles of work in midlife is true?
Which statement about the roles of work in midlife is true?
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What is a typical psychological effect of experiencing a divorce?
What is a typical psychological effect of experiencing a divorce?
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Which factor increases stress tolerance according to the Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern?
Which factor increases stress tolerance according to the Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern?
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What kind of health issue does radon exposure primarily cause?
What kind of health issue does radon exposure primarily cause?
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What is a key characteristic of the sandwich generation?
What is a key characteristic of the sandwich generation?
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How does pregnancy typically present in women over 35?
How does pregnancy typically present in women over 35?
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Which factor does NOT influence an individual's health outcomes?
Which factor does NOT influence an individual's health outcomes?
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What type of environmental hazard is associated with asbestos exposure?
What type of environmental hazard is associated with asbestos exposure?
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What common health advice is essential for promoting wellness?
What common health advice is essential for promoting wellness?
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Study Notes
Middle-Aged Adults Chapter 17
- Middle adulthood encompasses ages 35-64.
- Learning outcomes include identifying psychological and spiritual changes, normal biological changes, major causes of death, health patterns, unique health opportunities in various occupations, and the influence of psychosocial stressors.
- Milestones of middle-aged adults include expanded responsibilities, family life transitions, increased productivity, and significant biological changes.
- Overall goals for health promotion include improving access to high quality health services promoting health and well-being for all groups and reducing inequities across racial and ethnic groups of Canadians.
- General body changes in middle adulthood include thinning and greying hair, drier skin with wrinkles, decrease in muscle mass and bone density, and hormonal changes.
- Common health problems in middle adulthood include kyphosis, osteoarthritis, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.
- Exercise recommendations for reducing fall risk and improving strength include balance and functional training at least twice weekly, and progressive resistance training twice weekly for muscle groups.
- Gender and genetics factors include constipation, menopause, erectile dysfunction, life expectancy (females: 83 yrs; males: 79 yrs) heart disease, cancer, accidents, higher mortality rate in men, and a correlation between marital status and better health.
Gordon's Functional Health Patterns
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Gordon's Functional Health Patterns framework categorizes health data into various patterns (Health Perception-Health Management; Nutritional-Metabolic; Elimination; Activity-Exercise; Sleep-Rest; Cognitive-Perceptual; Self-Perception-Self-Concept; Roles-Relationships; Sexuality-Reproductive; Coping-Stress Tolerance; Values-Beliefs)
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Example patterns include:
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Habits: self-destructive behaviors (smoking, alcohol, overeating) and consequences.
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Risk factors: age, gender, ethnicity, personal risks, health promotion needs, disease screening, and stopping self-destructive habits.
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Nutritional-metabolic: obesity (BMI), chronic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer risk. Dietary recommendations include reducing saturated fat intake and modifying lifestyle.
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Nutritional-Metabolic (Further details): Calcium (1000-1500mg/day recommendation for adults), Caffeine (stimulant, potential addiction), and Sodium (influencing hypertension)
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Nutritional-Metabolic (Alcohol abuse): depressant, tolerance, risk of MVA, liver damage etc
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Elimination: Constipation (risk factors: age, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate fiber), stress incontinence (risk factors: women with multiple births and reduced exercise).
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Activity-Exercise: Exercise benefits (controlling chronic diseases, improving life expectancy, quality of life), recommendations (30 minutes daily, 5+ days/week with rhythmic activities like walking, jogging etc).
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Sleep-Rest: compared to younger adults, less time in deep sleep, need for regular sleep schedules, quality sleep, occasional napping, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep problems. Sleep apnea is a common condition.
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Cognitive-Perceptual: intellectual ability continues throughout life, Piaget's stage of formal operations, Schaie's factors (involvement, lack of disease, etc). Changes in vision (presbyopia, glaucoma, cataracts), other sensory changes, and diabetes-related eye problems are discussed.
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Self-Perception-Self-Concept: Levinson's theory ("individual life structures"), age-associated seasons (midlife transition), struggles with meaning/value. Erikson's Theory of Generativity vs Stagnation. Physiological changes such as greying and thinning hair, wrinkles, body shape, perimenopause and menopause effects, depression, hormonal therapy (indications and controversies).
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Roles-Relationships: "Midlife crisis" and time of reassessment. Family life cycle stages (families with children, launching young adults, empty nest), multiple responsibilities including children, aging parents, job, and civic responsibilities. Single-parent families & over-involvement with children's activities. Work as a factor in health, injuries, traditional vs non-traditional roles, retirement planning, and employer health programs. Caring for aging parents, divorce, and death.
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Sexuality-Reproductive: high proportion of adults remain sexually active (pregnancy in post-menopausal women), changes in reproductive function for women (slower arousal, less intense orgasms), other problems (vaginal dryness, decreased libido, long refractory periods).
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Coping-Stress Tolerance: Factors related to coping with stress & health outcomes (stress hardiness, use of tranquilizers, maturity in defense mechanism etc). Coping with death and preparation (living wills, advance directive).
Environmental Processes
- Biological Agents: Illness transmitted through air, food & water, enter respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. Factors include Hepatitis A & B, bloodborne pathogens, occupational hazards of healthcare workers, pneumonia, and herpes zoster.
- Chemical Agents: Contaminants, pneumoconiosis (coal), mesothelioma, organic carcinogens (benzene, PVC), tobacco (long-term history in middle-age, increase in heart/lung disease & cancer). 2000 known chemicals in cigarettes (tar, cyanide, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide).
Nursing Application
- Nurses should assess individual health history, baseline health, environmental hazards, and target group health trends.
- Screening for diseases, health risks, and behaviours is necessary.
- Emphasize self-health promotion, safety, and organizational health-promotion programs.
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Description
Explore the significant psychological, biological, and health changes that occur during middle adulthood, ages 35-64. This chapter covers issues such as health patterns, causes of death, and unique occupational health opportunities. Gain insights into promoting well-being and addressing health inequities among middle-aged adults.
